Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 32: Nasal Sinus and Palate II > Flashcards

Lecture 32: Nasal Sinus and Palate II Flashcards

1
Q

Most mammals have paranasal sinuses that open into one or more of the following:

A

Maxilla, frontal and sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In dogs and cats which paranasal sinus is the largest

A

Frontal- often subdivided into lateral, medial and rostral portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ethmoturbinates invade which sinus

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the maxillary recess

A

Small opening in nasal cavity where maxillary sinus sits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located

A

Small space within the presphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In most non-carnivoran domestic animals the paranasal sinuses are greatly enlarged to the point where they invade what bones

A

Palatine, lacrimal and nasal conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sinus is present in cow horns

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some potential purposes of paranasal sinuses

A

Protective, Thermoregulation, making head lighter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The dorsal extent of frontal sinus in cattle and pigs covers and to some extent protects the ___

A

Braincase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What needs to be taken into account during humane slaughter of pigs and cows with bolt or bullet to the brain

A

Must make sure shot is through the thinnest part of the sinus for the most humane effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why can the location and proximity of maxillary sinus to maxillary teeth in horses be problematic

A

Roots of the molars and premolars can protrude into the sinus which can result in transfer of infection between oral cavity/teeth and the nasal cavity, tooth root abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two structures divide the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

Hard palate and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What bones make up the hard palate

A

Incisive bone, maxilla, palatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What foramen make up the hard palate

A

Major palatine foramen, minor palatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the rugae of the palate

A

Transverse ridges in the mucosa typically with a slight caudal angulation that helps direct food caudally in the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the incisive papilla

A

Raised bump directly caudal to central incisors

In animals where the incisive duct connects to the oral cavity the openings will be on either side of the papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structure is located at the rostral end of the palate in cattle

A

Dental pad- extra thick and touch mucosa that serves in place of upper incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The dental pad although good for sheering grass what is a common complication

A

Hardware disease because they are unable to differentiate between grass and wire due to highly keratinized dental pad

19
Q

The ___ is composed of a broad aponeurosis covered dorsally with nasal mucosa and ventral with oral mucosa

A

Soft palate

20
Q

What does the flexibility of the soft palate provide control over

A

Separation between digestive pathway and respiratory pathway

21
Q

What is the palatinus muscle

A

Runs longitudinally through the ventral aspect of the sport palate, shortens and curdles the palate

22
Q

OINA for Levator veli palatini

A

O: muscular process of the temporal bone
I: dorsal surface of the soft palate
N: Vagus
A: elevate the soft palate

23
Q

OINA for tensor veli palatini

A

O: muscular process of the temporal bone
I: lateral edge of the soft palate after wrapping around the pterygoid halamus
N: mandibular nerve (CN v3)
A: tense the soft palate

24
Q

What two muscles connect the soft palate to other muscular structures

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

25
Q

Which muscle is from the lateral aspect of the palate to the tongue

A

Pataloglossus

26
Q

Which muscle is from the caudolateral aspect of the palate to the pharyngeal wall and connects

A

Palatopharyngeus

27
Q

What nerve innervates the palatoglossus and the palatopharyngeus

A

Vagus CN X

28
Q

When viewed in combination the muscles of the soft palate (palatoglossus) form what

A

Palatoglossal arch

29
Q

What structure is found on the lateral wall of the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

A

Palatine tonsil

30
Q

What is the palatine tonsil

A

Mass of lymphoid tissue near the confluence of the oral and respiratory pathway

31
Q

What does the descending palatine artery branch off of

A

Maxillary- terminal branch off its rostral end

32
Q

What artery enters the caudal palatine foramen and passes through the palatine canal to reach the hard palate

A

Major palatine artery

33
Q

What artery passes caudal to the margin of the hard palate to reach the soft palate

A

Minor palatine artery

34
Q

What two branches does the descending pharyngeal give off

A

Major palatine artery and sphenopalatine artery

35
Q

What two branches does the major palatine artery give off

A

Rostral and caudal branch

36
Q

What branch of the major palatine artery exit the major palatine foramen, run through the palatine groove to palatine fissure where it gives off a branch to the nasal cavity

A

Rostral branch

37
Q

What branch of the major palatine artery exits the minor palatine foramen and forms an anastomosis between the major and minor palatine arteries

A

Caudal branch

38
Q

Branches of what cranial nerve parallel the arteries and carry sensation from and provide postganglionic PNS to palatine mucosa

A

Maxillary nerve CN V2

39
Q

What are the three nerves that branch of maxillary nerve to supply palate

A

Major palatine, accessory palatine and minor palatine nerve

40
Q

What nerve runs with the rostral branch of major palatine artery to supply nasal cavity

A

Major palatine nerve

41
Q

What nerve runs with caudal branch of major palatine artery

A

Accessory palatine nerve

42
Q

What respiratory areas are affected in brachiocephalic breeds

A

Stenotic areas, obstructed nasal cavity, elongated soft palate, hypoplastic trachea

43
Q

Respiratory problems in brachiocephalic breeds can lead to problems with air pressure which can cause ____ or _____

A

Secondary tracheal or laryngeal collapse

44
Q

In horses what are the to structures that help isolate the respiratory and digestive pathways

A
  1. Especially long soft palate that hangs rostral and ventral to epiglottis
  2. Palatopharyngeus muscles form a sphincter around the protruding laryngeal opening to divide the space

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions