Lecture 18: Neck II Flashcards
what provides the primary blood supply to the structures of the head and neck
common carotid arteries
what artery provides supplemental supply to head and neck
subclavian arteries
what are the three branches of the subclavian artery
vertebral artery, deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery
vertebral artery- pathway and what does it supply
passes through the transverse foramina of 6th-1st cervical vertebrae
provides branches to cervical vertebral muscles and spinal cord
what arteries supply the various structures of the root of the neck
deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery
the common carotid artery divides into two branches- where does it divide and what are the two branches
divides when it reaches the hyoid into the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery
what does internal carotid artery supply
significant branches supply the brain
what does external carotid artery supply
most regions of the head
what two structures does the internal carotid artery contain
carotid sinus and carotid body
what is the carotid sinus
dilation at the origin of the ICA, contains baroreceptors
what is the carotid body
small mass adjacent to the carotid sinus, contains chemoreceptors
what does the Internal carotid artery pass through in the skull
carotid canal
Ruminants and the internal carotid artery
the internal carotid artery will develop but obliterates and disappears perinatally
what four arteries branch off external carotid artery
lingual, ascending pharyngeal, cranial laryngeal, and occipital
where does most blood drainage of the head and neck occur
jugular veins
external jugular vein
primary drainage of head and neck including superficial and deep regions
internal jugular vein
small and of little importance in most domestic animals
what is the pathway of the external jugular vein in muscles of the neck
forms near the angle of the mandible, crosses over the sternocephalicus and dives deep to the brachiocephalicus to contribute to formation of the cranial vena cava
where is the external jugular vein found in horses
in the jugular groove between brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus
what is the primary lymphatic drainage of the neck
can be divided into superficial and deep lymph nodes
where can superficial cervical lymph nodes be found
found deep to superficial neck muscles and cranial to shoulder, dorsal to trachea
where can deep cervical lymph nodes be found
run along the length of the trachea
what is the tracheal duct
runs the length of the neck draining lymph of the head
where does lymph drain on the left side of head and neck
thoracic duct
where does lymph drain on the right side of head and neck
right lymphatic duct
what are the three different categories of nerves found in the neck
cervical spinal nerves
cranial nerves
autonomic nerves
each cranial nerve that passes through the ______ or _____ is found wholly or part in the neck
jugular foramen or hypoglossal canal
what cranial nerves pass through the neck
`CN XI- glossopharyngeal
CN X-vagus
CN XI- accessory
CN XII- hypoglossal
what three cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen
CN IX- glossopharyngeal
CN X- Vagus
CN XI- accessory
(think you could also get away with glossing a jug in vegas with your friend who would be an accessory)
what is the path of CN IX- glossopharyngeal
dives medially toward oral cavity
what is the path of CN X- vagus
passes directly caudally down the neck
what is the path of CN XI- accessory
diverges dorsally to cross the ventral ramus of C2 and travel along the dorsal edge of the omohyoid
what cranial nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal
CN XII- hypoglossal
what is the path for the hypoglossal nerve
crosses through the rostral-most region of the neck to access the floor of the oral cavity
what is ansa cervicalis
cervical spinal nerve
C1 and some fibers of C2 ventral rami join with fibers carried by hypogloassal nerve to form loop
the ansa cervicalis provides motor innervation to what muscle group
caudal hyoid group
what ventral rami pierce through the omotransversarius and distribute motor and sensory to the neck
C2-C4/C5
C5 provides motor and sensory to ____
proximal thoracic limb
what nerves branch from ventral ramus of C2
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
what are the autonomic nerves of the neck
vagosympathetic trunk with vagus nerve and cranial cervical ganglion
what does the cranial cervical ganglion supply and where do the postganglionics distribute
sympathetic ganglion for most of the head and neck
postganglionics distribute along the cranial nerves and also along periarterial plexuses around both carotid arteries
what are the four main structures in the viscera of the neck
salivary glands, pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland
what are the two salivary glands
parotid and mandibular
what is the thyroid gland and where is it located
endocrine gland located along the sides of the proximal trachea
what arteries supply the thyroid gland
cranial and caudal thyroid arteries anastomose dorsally to the gland and supply blood
where does the cranial thyroid gland drain
internal jugular
where does caudal thyroid vein drain
internal jugular or brachiocephalic
thyroid isthmus
additional tissue bridging between the two lobes ventral to the trachea
in what species can a thyroid isthmus be found
horses, pigs, cattle and in some breeds of dogs
