Lecture 18: Neck II

Question 1

what provides the primary blood supply to the structures of the head and neck

Answer 1

common carotid arteries

Question 2

what artery provides supplemental supply to head and neck

Answer 2

subclavian arteries

Question 3

what are the three branches of the subclavian artery

Answer 3

vertebral artery, deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery

Question 4

vertebral artery- pathway and what does it supply

Answer 4

passes through the transverse foramina of 6th-1st cervical vertebrae

provides branches to cervical vertebral muscles and spinal cord

Question 5

what arteries supply the various structures of the root of the neck

Answer 5

deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery

Question 6

the common carotid artery divides into two branches- where does it divide and what are the two branches

Answer 6

divides when it reaches the hyoid into the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery

Question 7

what does internal carotid artery supply

Answer 7

significant branches supply the brain

Question 8

what does external carotid artery supply

Answer 8

most regions of the head

Question 9

what two structures does the internal carotid artery contain

Answer 9

carotid sinus and carotid body

Question 10

what is the carotid sinus

Answer 10

dilation at the origin of the ICA, contains baroreceptors

Question 11

what is the carotid body

Answer 11

small mass adjacent to the carotid sinus, contains chemoreceptors

Question 12

what does the Internal carotid artery pass through in the skull

Answer 12

carotid canal

Question 13

Ruminants and the internal carotid artery

Answer 13

the internal carotid artery will develop but obliterates and disappears perinatally

Question 14

what four arteries branch off external carotid artery

Answer 14

lingual, ascending pharyngeal, cranial laryngeal, and occipital

Question 15

where does most blood drainage of the head and neck occur

Answer 15

jugular veins

Question 16

external jugular vein

Answer 16

primary drainage of head and neck including superficial and deep regions

Question 17

internal jugular vein

Answer 17

small and of little importance in most domestic animals

Question 18

what is the pathway of the external jugular vein in muscles of the neck

Answer 18

forms near the angle of the mandible, crosses over the sternocephalicus and dives deep to the brachiocephalicus to contribute to formation of the cranial vena cava

Question 19

where is the external jugular vein found in horses

Answer 19

in the jugular groove between brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus

Question 20

what is the primary lymphatic drainage of the neck

Answer 20

can be divided into superficial and deep lymph nodes

Question 21

where can superficial cervical lymph nodes be found

Answer 21

found deep to superficial neck muscles and cranial to shoulder, dorsal to trachea

Question 22

where can deep cervical lymph nodes be found

Answer 22

run along the length of the trachea

Question 23

what is the tracheal duct

Answer 23

runs the length of the neck draining lymph of the head

Question 24

where does lymph drain on the left side of head and neck

Answer 24

thoracic duct

Question 25

where does lymph drain on the right side of head and neck

Answer 25

right lymphatic duct

Question 26

what are the three different categories of nerves found in the neck

Answer 26

cervical spinal nerves cranial nerves autonomic nerves

Question 27

each cranial nerve that passes through the ______ or _____ is found wholly or part in the neck

Answer 27

jugular foramen or hypoglossal canal

Question 28

what cranial nerves pass through the neck

Answer 28

`CN XI- glossopharyngeal CN X-vagus CN XI- accessory CN XII- hypoglossal

Question 29

what three cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen

Answer 29

CN IX- glossopharyngeal CN X- Vagus CN XI- accessory (think you could also get away with glossing a jug in vegas with your friend who would be an accessory)

Question 30

what is the path of CN IX- glossopharyngeal

Answer 30

dives medially toward oral cavity

Question 31

what is the path of CN X- vagus

Answer 31

passes directly caudally down the neck

Question 32

what is the path of CN XI- accessory

Answer 32

diverges dorsally to cross the ventral ramus of C2 and travel along the dorsal edge of the omohyoid

Question 33

what cranial nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal

Answer 33

CN XII- hypoglossal

Question 34

what is the path for the hypoglossal nerve

Answer 34

crosses through the rostral-most region of the neck to access the floor of the oral cavity

Question 35

what is ansa cervicalis

Answer 35

cervical spinal nerve C1 and some fibers of C2 ventral rami join with fibers carried by hypogloassal nerve to form loop

Question 36

the ansa cervicalis provides motor innervation to what muscle group

Answer 36

caudal hyoid group

Question 37

what ventral rami pierce through the omotransversarius and distribute motor and sensory to the neck

Answer 37

C2-C4/C5

Question 38

C5 provides motor and sensory to ____

Answer 38

proximal thoracic limb

Question 39

what nerves branch from ventral ramus of C2

Answer 39

great auricular nerve transverse cervical nerve

Question 40

what are the autonomic nerves of the neck

Answer 40

vagosympathetic trunk with vagus nerve and cranial cervical ganglion

Question 41

what does the cranial cervical ganglion supply and where do the postganglionics distribute

Answer 41

sympathetic ganglion for most of the head and neck postganglionics distribute along the cranial nerves and also along periarterial plexuses around both carotid arteries

Question 42

what are the four main structures in the viscera of the neck

Answer 42

salivary glands, pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

Question 43

what are the two salivary glands

Answer 43

parotid and mandibular

Question 44

what is the thyroid gland and where is it located

Answer 44

endocrine gland located along the sides of the proximal trachea

Question 45

what arteries supply the thyroid gland

Answer 45

cranial and caudal thyroid arteries anastomose dorsally to the gland and supply blood

Question 46

where does the cranial thyroid gland drain

Answer 46

internal jugular

Question 47

where does caudal thyroid vein drain

Answer 47

internal jugular or brachiocephalic

Question 48

thyroid isthmus

Answer 48

additional tissue bridging between the two lobes ventral to the trachea

Question 49

in what species can a thyroid isthmus be found

Answer 49

horses, pigs, cattle and in some breeds of dogs