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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 18: Neck II > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Neck II Flashcards

1
Q

what provides the primary blood supply to the structures of the head and neck

A

common carotid arteries

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2
Q

what artery provides supplemental supply to head and neck

A

subclavian arteries

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3
Q

what are the three branches of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery, deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery

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4
Q

vertebral artery- pathway and what does it supply

A

passes through the transverse foramina of 6th-1st cervical vertebrae

provides branches to cervical vertebral muscles and spinal cord

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5
Q

what arteries supply the various structures of the root of the neck

A

deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery

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6
Q

the common carotid artery divides into two branches- where does it divide and what are the two branches

A

divides when it reaches the hyoid into the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery

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7
Q

what does internal carotid artery supply

A

significant branches supply the brain

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8
Q

what does external carotid artery supply

A

most regions of the head

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9
Q

what two structures does the internal carotid artery contain

A

carotid sinus and carotid body

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10
Q

what is the carotid sinus

A

dilation at the origin of the ICA, contains baroreceptors

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11
Q

what is the carotid body

A

small mass adjacent to the carotid sinus, contains chemoreceptors

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12
Q

what does the Internal carotid artery pass through in the skull

A

carotid canal

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13
Q

Ruminants and the internal carotid artery

A

the internal carotid artery will develop but obliterates and disappears perinatally

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14
Q

what four arteries branch off external carotid artery

A

lingual, ascending pharyngeal, cranial laryngeal, and occipital

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15
Q

where does most blood drainage of the head and neck occur

A

jugular veins

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16
Q

external jugular vein

A

primary drainage of head and neck including superficial and deep regions

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17
Q

internal jugular vein

A

small and of little importance in most domestic animals

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18
Q

what is the pathway of the external jugular vein in muscles of the neck

A

forms near the angle of the mandible, crosses over the sternocephalicus and dives deep to the brachiocephalicus to contribute to formation of the cranial vena cava

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19
Q

where is the external jugular vein found in horses

A

in the jugular groove between brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus

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20
Q

what is the primary lymphatic drainage of the neck

A

can be divided into superficial and deep lymph nodes

21
Q

where can superficial cervical lymph nodes be found

A

found deep to superficial neck muscles and cranial to shoulder, dorsal to trachea

22
Q

where can deep cervical lymph nodes be found

A

run along the length of the trachea

23
Q

what is the tracheal duct

A

runs the length of the neck draining lymph of the head

24
Q

where does lymph drain on the left side of head and neck

A

thoracic duct

25
Q

where does lymph drain on the right side of head and neck

A

right lymphatic duct

26
Q

what are the three different categories of nerves found in the neck

A

cervical spinal nerves
cranial nerves
autonomic nerves

27
Q

each cranial nerve that passes through the ______ or _____ is found wholly or part in the neck

A

jugular foramen or hypoglossal canal

28
Q

what cranial nerves pass through the neck

A

`CN XI- glossopharyngeal
CN X-vagus
CN XI- accessory
CN XII- hypoglossal

29
Q

what three cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen

A

CN IX- glossopharyngeal
CN X- Vagus
CN XI- accessory

(think you could also get away with glossing a jug in vegas with your friend who would be an accessory)

30
Q

what is the path of CN IX- glossopharyngeal

A

dives medially toward oral cavity

31
Q

what is the path of CN X- vagus

A

passes directly caudally down the neck

32
Q

what is the path of CN XI- accessory

A

diverges dorsally to cross the ventral ramus of C2 and travel along the dorsal edge of the omohyoid

33
Q

what cranial nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII- hypoglossal

34
Q

what is the path for the hypoglossal nerve

A

crosses through the rostral-most region of the neck to access the floor of the oral cavity

35
Q

what is ansa cervicalis

A

cervical spinal nerve
C1 and some fibers of C2 ventral rami join with fibers carried by hypogloassal nerve to form loop

36
Q

the ansa cervicalis provides motor innervation to what muscle group

A

caudal hyoid group

37
Q

what ventral rami pierce through the omotransversarius and distribute motor and sensory to the neck

A

C2-C4/C5

38
Q

C5 provides motor and sensory to ____

A

proximal thoracic limb

39
Q

what nerves branch from ventral ramus of C2

A

great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve

40
Q

what are the autonomic nerves of the neck

A

vagosympathetic trunk with vagus nerve and cranial cervical ganglion

41
Q

what does the cranial cervical ganglion supply and where do the postganglionics distribute

A

sympathetic ganglion for most of the head and neck

postganglionics distribute along the cranial nerves and also along periarterial plexuses around both carotid arteries

42
Q

what are the four main structures in the viscera of the neck

A

salivary glands, pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

43
Q

what are the two salivary glands

A

parotid and mandibular

44
Q

what is the thyroid gland and where is it located

A

endocrine gland located along the sides of the proximal trachea

45
Q

what arteries supply the thyroid gland

A

cranial and caudal thyroid arteries anastomose dorsally to the gland and supply blood

46
Q

where does the cranial thyroid gland drain

A

internal jugular

47
Q

where does caudal thyroid vein drain

A

internal jugular or brachiocephalic

48
Q

thyroid isthmus

A

additional tissue bridging between the two lobes ventral to the trachea

49
Q

in what species can a thyroid isthmus be found

A

horses, pigs, cattle and in some breeds of dogs

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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