Lecture 3- Mammalian Joint Morphology Flashcards
What makes up the axial division
Skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
What makes up the appendicular region
Limbs
What are joints
Articulations that either firmly unite bones or allow specific movements between bones
What components make up joint capsule
Synovial membrane and fibrous membrane
What does synovial fluid occupy
Synovial joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths
What is the composition of synovial fluid
Transduate of blood plasma, has viscoelastic properties
What is the purpose of synovial fluid
To allow articular cartilages to glide across each other
What is the function of articular cartilage
Absorb stress
Describe a simple joint
1 on 1 bone with a single joint capsule
Compound joint capsule
1 on 2 bones (ex: humerus to ulna and radius), multiple articular surfaces but 1 joint capsule
Complex joint capsule
1 on 1 bone with separate joint capsules ex: phalanges
What are the components of a syndemois joint (ex: pelvis)
Interosseous component- lots of collagen to absorb elastic strain- restricts movement
Some synovial fluid to allow minimal movement
Ruffini;s endings
Respond to stretch and register speed and direction of movement
Golgi tendon organs
Mediate position sense, muscle tension
Simple endings
Numerous at attachments of capsules and ligaments and are thought to be the terminals of unmyelinated and thinly myelinated nociceptive axons
Free nerve endings
Pain
Cylindrical end bulb
Cold/flutter
pacinian
Rapid/deep vibration
Merkel disks
Sustained pressure
Muscle spindle
Muscle length and velocity (flexion and extension)
Hair follicle
Directional movement
Muscle agonists
Contracting muscle needed to generate movement
Muscle antagonists
Muscle which relaxes during contraction of agonist muscle, will fire to slow down limb segment in order to complete a movement
How are forces from skeletal muscle transferred to bone
Via tendons
What prevents excessive separation of bones/movements
Ligaments
What is the coxofemoral joint made of
Synovial joint incorporating femoral head and acetabulum
What connects the femur to the acetabulum
Ligament of femoral head which is a continuation of the transverse acetabular ligament
What does the ligament of femoral head and transverse acetabular ligament prevent
Dislocation
What leads to hip dyplasia
Abnormal development of coxofemoral joint- muscle mass does not increase rapidly enough to account for rapid bone growth
What are the characteristics of hip dyplasia
Joint laxity, instability, leads to degenerative changes- acetabular bone sclerosis, osteophytosis, thickened femoral neck, joint capsule fibrosis, luxation
