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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 19- CNS and Head-Neck Innervation > Flashcards

Lecture 19- CNS and Head-Neck Innervation Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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2
Q

how do spinal nerves compare to cranial nerves in terms of information they carry

A

spinal nerves carry sensory and motor axons to the body and part of the neck

cranial nerves carry a more varied combination of axons

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3
Q

each ____ is innervated by a pair of spinal nerves

A

dermatome

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4
Q

what genes determine body segmentation and innervation

A

hox genes

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5
Q

what are the diverse functions of cranial nerves

A

special senses, eye movements, sensory from the face, motor to the face, movements of the jaw for chewing, control of swallowing, tears, mucus, and saliva

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6
Q

what types of innervation do the cranial nerves provide

A

special sensory (ex: vision)
general sensory (ex: touch)
general/voluntary motor
visceral motor- PNS and SNS
visceral sensory

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7
Q

neurocranium

A

braincase, protects the brain as well as the exits for the cranil nerves, site of attachment of chewing, neck musculature

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8
Q

viscero/splanchnocranium

A

facial skeleton, supports the face, sensory components, masticatory apparatus

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9
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

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10
Q

CN II

A

optic

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11
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

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12
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

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13
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

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14
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

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15
Q

CN VII

A

facial

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16
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

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17
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

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18
Q

CN X

A

vagus

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19
Q

CN XI

A

accessory

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20
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

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21
Q

where do the cranial nerves come from

A

some from the cortex/cerebrum and some from brainstem

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22
Q

what structures are located in the forebrain

A

right and left cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus

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23
Q

what functions does the forebrain control

A

sensory processing, motor commands, decision making

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24
Q

what structures are located in the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla
contains cranial nerve nuclei

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25
Q

what portion of the brain contains many nuclei responsible for basic functions like breathing

A

brainstem

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26
Q

what are the four divisions of the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and medulla

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27
Q

the cerebellum is functionally associated with ____ via ____

A

pons via cerebellar peduncles

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28
Q

what division of the brainstem transitions into the beginning of the cervical spinal cord

A

medulla

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29
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the forebrain and what functions

A

CN I- olfactory
CN II- optic
smell and vision

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30
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain and what functions

A

CN III- oculomotor
CN IV- trochlear
eye movements

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31
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the pons and what functionds

A

CN V- trigeminal
CN VI- abducens
eye movements
sensory: face
motor: chewing

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32
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the medulla and what are the functions

A

CN VII- facial
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear
CN IX: glosspharyngeal
CN X- vagus
CN XI- accessory
CN XII- hypoglossal

motor: face
hearing and balance, taste, salivation, lacrimation, mucous secretion

motor: larynx and pharynx
baro and chemoreception
fore and midgut innervation
motor: neck and tongue

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33
Q

where is the sensory innervation for CN I and what is the function

A

olfactory epithelium and olfaction

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34
Q

where is the sensory innervation for CN II and what is the function

A

retina and vision

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35
Q

where does CN III provide motor innervation

A

extraocular muscles (dorsal, ventral and medial recti, ventral oblique), levator palpebral, pupillary constrictor, ciliary muscle

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36
Q

what functions does CN III provide

A

eye movement, opening eye, constricting pupil, accomodation

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37
Q

where does CN IV provide motor innervation

A

extraoccular muscle- dorsal oblique

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38
Q

what is the function of CN IV

A

eye movement

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39
Q

what motor innervation is provided by CN V

A

muscles of mastication, tensor tympani

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40
Q

what motor functions are provided by CN V

A

mastication and protection of hearing receptors

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41
Q

what sensory innervation is provided by CN V

A

facial and oral cavity, muscle spindles

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42
Q

what sensory functions are provided by CN V

A

somatosensory and proprioception

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43
Q

what motor innervation is provided by CN VI and what is the function

A

extraoccular muscle- lateral rectus, retractor bulbi

eye movement and retraction of eye

44
Q

what motor innervation is provided by CN VII

A

stapedius muscle, facial muscle, diagastric (caudal belly), orbicularis oculi, salivary glands, nasal gland, lacrimal gland

45
Q

what motor functions is provided by CN VII

A

protect hearing receptor, facial expression, mastication, close eyes, salivation, nasal secretion, lacrimation

46
Q

what sensory innervation is provided by CN VII and function

A

taste buds of rostral 2/3 of tongue

gustation

47
Q

what sensory innervation is provided by CN VIII and what is the function

A

vestibular receptors and organ of corti

equilibrium and hearing

48
Q

what motor innervation is provided by CN IX

A

salivary glands and pharyngeal muscle

49
Q

what function is provided by motor innervation by CN IX

A

swallowing and salivation

50
Q

what sensory innervation is provided by CN IX

A

caudal 1/3 of taste buds, caudal 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)

51
Q

what sensory functions are provided by CN XI

A

gustation, pain, temperature, touch, monitor blood O2 and CO2, monitor BP

52
Q

what motor innervation is provided by CN X

A

thoracic and abdominal viscera, pharyngeal and esophageal muscles, laryngeal muscles

53
Q

what motor functions are provided by CN X

A

control of visceral organs, swallowing, vocalization and glottis control

54
Q

what sensory innervation is provided by CN X

A

mucosa of pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, baroreceptors

55
Q

what sensory functions are provided by CN X

A

coughing, swallowing, sensory for visceral reactions, monitor BP

56
Q

what motor innervations are provided by CN XI

A

spinal fibers: neck and shoulder muscles

cranial fibers: blends with vagus for vagal tone

57
Q

what motor functions are provided by CN XI

A

head positioning

58
Q

what motor innervations are provided by CN XII and function

A

tongue muscles, tongue movements

59
Q

how is general sensory information carried

A

carried from area of touch, pain, temperature, and position back to brainstem

60
Q

general sensation from the face and cavities within the head are carried on what CN

A

CN V- trigeminal

61
Q

what are special senses

A

combine unique receptors from periphery that send signals to specialized nuclei in the brainstem or forebrain

62
Q

what cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction

A

CN I- olfactory via olfactory receptors

63
Q

what cranial nerve is responsible for vision

A

CN II-optic via retina

64
Q

what cranial nerves are responsible for taste

A

CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), and CN X (vagus) via taste buds

65
Q

what cranial nerve is responsible for balance and equilibrium

A

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) via vestibular receptors in inner ear

66
Q

what cranial nerve is responsible for hearing

A

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) via cochlea

67
Q

what cranial nerve is responsible for blood O2 and CO2 levels

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) via carotid body chemoreceptors

68
Q

what cranial nerves are responsible for blood pressure

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (vagus) via carotid sinus baroreceptors

69
Q

what is the pattern of general motor innervation

A

signals carried by various cranial nerves from specialized motor nuclei in brainstem out to target muscle

70
Q

what three cranial nerves innervate and provide movement to the eye

A

CN III: oculomotor
CN IV: trochlear
CN VI: abducens

71
Q

what muscles of the eye does CN III control

A

ventral rectus, dorsal rectus, medial rectus, ventral oblique, and levator palpebrae superiosis

72
Q

what muscles of the eye does CN IV control

A

dorsal oblique

73
Q

what muscles of the eye does CN VI control

A

lateral rectus

74
Q

what do autonomic functions of the head and neck include

A

control of muscles within the eye, pupil size control

send innervation to glands that secrete tears, mucous, saliva

75
Q

what are the four unique ganglia that get parasympathetic innervation from CN’s

A

ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular and otic

76
Q

what cranial nerve innervates ciliary ganglion

A

CN III- oculomotor

77
Q

what cranial nerve innervates pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

A

CN VII- facial

78
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the otic ganglia

A

CN IX- glossopharyngeal

79
Q

what CN passes through cribiform plate

A

CN I-olfactory nerve
think you want to smell your plate

80
Q

what CN passes through optic canal

A

CN II-optic

81
Q

what CN passes through orbital fissue

A

CN III-oculomotor
CN V1- ophthalmic nerve
CN IV- trochlear
CN VI- abducens

82
Q

what CN passes through round foramen

A

CN V2- maxillary nerve
think you eat max you will be round

83
Q

what CN passes through oval foramen

A

CN V3- mandibular nerve

84
Q

what CN passes through internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII- facial
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear

85
Q

what CN passes through jugular foramen

A

CN IX: glossopharyngeal
CN X: vagus
CN XI: accessory

think if you gloss the jug you and your friend may get away with it in vegas but your friend could be an acessory

86
Q

what CN passes through hypoglossal foramen

A

hypoglossal nerve

87
Q

what area of the brain does the olfactory nerve carry olfactory information back to

A

piriform lobe of brain

88
Q

how does the optic nerve CN II relay information

A

relays information from retinal ganglion cells to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

89
Q

what is the pathway of vision

A

optic nerve–> chiasm—> tract

90
Q

what lobe of the brain is the primary visual cortex in

A

occipital

91
Q

what cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to face - touch pain and temperature

A

CN V trigeminal

92
Q

what are the three branches of trigeminal nerve

A

V1- ophthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- manidbular

93
Q

what CN provides motor innervation to muscles of mastication and muscles in the ear and pharynx- tensor muscles

A

trigeminal nerve CN V- segment V3- mandibular

94
Q

what portion of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

V3-mandibular

95
Q

what CN innervates facial muscles, glands and taste

A

facial CN VII

96
Q

what CN gives parasympathetic innervation to ptyergopalatine ganglion

A

facial CN VII

97
Q

what CN innervates nasal mucosa and lacrimal gland

A

facial CN VII

98
Q

what CN innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue and provides taste sensation

A

facial CN VII

99
Q

what are the two exits for facial CN VII

A

stylomastoid foramen and internal acoustic meatus

100
Q

what cranial nerve provides motor innervation to stylopharyngeus

A

CN XI- glossopharyngeal

101
Q

what CN innervates the parotid gland

A

CN IX- glossopharyngeal

102
Q

what CN provides taste from posterior 1/3 ofd tongue, general sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx, middle of ear, auditory tube, carotid sinus, and carotid body

A

CN IX- glossopharyngeal

103
Q

what cranial nerve provides motor to muscles of soft palate, palatoglossus, pharynx, and larynx

A

CN X-vagus

104
Q

what cranial nerve provides PNS to cardiac muscle, viscera to left colic flexure

A

CN X-vagus

105
Q

what cranial nerve provides taste buds around epiglottis

A

CNX- vagus

106
Q

what cranial nerve innervates several neck and back muscles like brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, sternocephalicus and trapezius

A

CN XI- accessory

107
Q

what cranial nerve innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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