Lecture 19- CNS and Head-Neck Innervation Flashcards
1
Q
how many pairs of cranial nerves are there
A
12
2
Q
how do spinal nerves compare to cranial nerves in terms of information they carry
A
spinal nerves carry sensory and motor axons to the body and part of the neck
cranial nerves carry a more varied combination of axons
3
Q
each ____ is innervated by a pair of spinal nerves
A
dermatome
4
Q
what genes determine body segmentation and innervation
A
hox genes
5
Q
what are the diverse functions of cranial nerves
A
special senses, eye movements, sensory from the face, motor to the face, movements of the jaw for chewing, control of swallowing, tears, mucus, and saliva
6
Q
what types of innervation do the cranial nerves provide
A
special sensory (ex: vision)
general sensory (ex: touch)
general/voluntary motor
visceral motor- PNS and SNS
visceral sensory
7
Q
neurocranium
A
braincase, protects the brain as well as the exits for the cranil nerves, site of attachment of chewing, neck musculature
8
Q
viscero/splanchnocranium
A
facial skeleton, supports the face, sensory components, masticatory apparatus
9
Q
CN I
A
olfactory
10
Q
CN II
A
optic
11
Q
CN III
A
oculomotor
12
Q
CN IV
A
trochlear
13
Q
CN V
A
trigeminal
14
Q
CN VI
A
Abducens
15
Q
CN VII
A
facial
16
Q
CN VIII
A
vestibulocochlear
17
Q
CN IX
A
glossopharyngeal
18
Q
CN X
A
vagus
19
Q
CN XI
A
accessory
20
Q
CN XII
A
hypoglossal
21
Q
where do the cranial nerves come from
A
some from the cortex/cerebrum and some from brainstem
22
Q
what structures are located in the forebrain
A
right and left cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus
23
Q
what functions does the forebrain control
A
sensory processing, motor commands, decision making
24
Q
what structures are located in the brainstem
A
midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla
contains cranial nerve nuclei
25
what portion of the brain contains many nuclei responsible for basic functions like breathing
brainstem
26
what are the four divisions of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and medulla
27
the cerebellum is functionally associated with ____ via ____
pons via cerebellar peduncles
28
what division of the brainstem transitions into the beginning of the cervical spinal cord
medulla
29
what cranial nerves are associated with the forebrain and what functions
CN I- olfactory
CN II- optic
smell and vision
30
what cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain and what functions
CN III- oculomotor
CN IV- trochlear
eye movements
31
what cranial nerves are associated with the pons and what functionds
CN V- trigeminal
CN VI- abducens
eye movements
sensory: face
motor: chewing
32
what cranial nerves are associated with the medulla and what are the functions
CN VII- facial
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear
CN IX: glosspharyngeal
CN X- vagus
CN XI- accessory
CN XII- hypoglossal
motor: face
hearing and balance, taste, salivation, lacrimation, mucous secretion
motor: larynx and pharynx
baro and chemoreception
fore and midgut innervation
motor: neck and tongue
33
where is the sensory innervation for CN I and what is the function
olfactory epithelium and olfaction
34
where is the sensory innervation for CN II and what is the function
retina and vision
35
where does CN III provide motor innervation
extraocular muscles (dorsal, ventral and medial recti, ventral oblique), levator palpebral, pupillary constrictor, ciliary muscle
36
what functions does CN III provide
eye movement, opening eye, constricting pupil, accomodation
37
where does CN IV provide motor innervation
extraoccular muscle- dorsal oblique
38
what is the function of CN IV
eye movement
39
what motor innervation is provided by CN V
muscles of mastication, tensor tympani
40
what motor functions are provided by CN V
mastication and protection of hearing receptors
41
what sensory innervation is provided by CN V
facial and oral cavity, muscle spindles
42
what sensory functions are provided by CN V
somatosensory and proprioception
43
what motor innervation is provided by CN VI and what is the function
extraoccular muscle- lateral rectus, retractor bulbi
eye movement and retraction of eye
44
what motor innervation is provided by CN VII
stapedius muscle, facial muscle, diagastric (caudal belly), orbicularis oculi, salivary glands, nasal gland, lacrimal gland
45
what motor functions is provided by CN VII
protect hearing receptor, facial expression, mastication, close eyes, salivation, nasal secretion, lacrimation
46
what sensory innervation is provided by CN VII and function
taste buds of rostral 2/3 of tongue
gustation
47
what sensory innervation is provided by CN VIII and what is the function
vestibular receptors and organ of corti
equilibrium and hearing
48
what motor innervation is provided by CN IX
salivary glands and pharyngeal muscle
49
what function is provided by motor innervation by CN IX
swallowing and salivation
50
what sensory innervation is provided by CN IX
caudal 1/3 of taste buds, caudal 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)
51
what sensory functions are provided by CN XI
gustation, pain, temperature, touch, monitor blood O2 and CO2, monitor BP
52
what motor innervation is provided by CN X
thoracic and abdominal viscera, pharyngeal and esophageal muscles, laryngeal muscles
53
what motor functions are provided by CN X
control of visceral organs, swallowing, vocalization and glottis control
54
what sensory innervation is provided by CN X
mucosa of pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, baroreceptors
55
what sensory functions are provided by CN X
coughing, swallowing, sensory for visceral reactions, monitor BP
56
what motor innervations are provided by CN XI
spinal fibers: neck and shoulder muscles
cranial fibers: blends with vagus for vagal tone
57
what motor functions are provided by CN XI
head positioning
58
what motor innervations are provided by CN XII and function
tongue muscles, tongue movements
59
how is general sensory information carried
carried from area of touch, pain, temperature, and position back to brainstem
60
general sensation from the face and cavities within the head are carried on what CN
CN V- trigeminal
61
what are special senses
combine unique receptors from periphery that send signals to specialized nuclei in the brainstem or forebrain
62
what cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction
CN I- olfactory via olfactory receptors
63
what cranial nerve is responsible for vision
CN II-optic via retina
64
what cranial nerves are responsible for taste
CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), and CN X (vagus) via taste buds
65
what cranial nerve is responsible for balance and equilibrium
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) via vestibular receptors in inner ear
66
what cranial nerve is responsible for hearing
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) via cochlea
67
what cranial nerve is responsible for blood O2 and CO2 levels
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) via carotid body chemoreceptors
68
what cranial nerves are responsible for blood pressure
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (vagus) via carotid sinus baroreceptors
69
what is the pattern of general motor innervation
signals carried by various cranial nerves from specialized motor nuclei in brainstem out to target muscle
70
what three cranial nerves innervate and provide movement to the eye
CN III: oculomotor
CN IV: trochlear
CN VI: abducens
71
what muscles of the eye does CN III control
ventral rectus, dorsal rectus, medial rectus, ventral oblique, and levator palpebrae superiosis
72
what muscles of the eye does CN IV control
dorsal oblique
73
what muscles of the eye does CN VI control
lateral rectus
74
what do autonomic functions of the head and neck include
control of muscles within the eye, pupil size control
send innervation to glands that secrete tears, mucous, saliva
75
what are the four unique ganglia that get parasympathetic innervation from CN's
ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular and otic
76
what cranial nerve innervates ciliary ganglion
CN III- oculomotor
77
what cranial nerve innervates pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
CN VII- facial
78
what cranial nerve innervates the otic ganglia
CN IX- glossopharyngeal
79
what CN passes through cribiform plate
CN I-olfactory nerve
think you want to smell your plate
80
what CN passes through optic canal
CN II-optic
81
what CN passes through orbital fissue
CN III-oculomotor
CN V1- ophthalmic nerve
CN IV- trochlear
CN VI- abducens
82
what CN passes through round foramen
CN V2- maxillary nerve
think you eat max you will be round
83
what CN passes through oval foramen
CN V3- mandibular nerve
84
what CN passes through internal acoustic meatus
CN VII- facial
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear
85
what CN passes through jugular foramen
CN IX: glossopharyngeal
CN X: vagus
CN XI: accessory
think if you gloss the jug you and your friend may get away with it in vegas but your friend could be an acessory
86
what CN passes through hypoglossal foramen
hypoglossal nerve
87
what area of the brain does the olfactory nerve carry olfactory information back to
piriform lobe of brain
88
how does the optic nerve CN II relay information
relays information from retinal ganglion cells to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus
89
what is the pathway of vision
optic nerve--> chiasm---> tract
90
what lobe of the brain is the primary visual cortex in
occipital
91
what cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to face - touch pain and temperature
CN V trigeminal
92
what are the three branches of trigeminal nerve
V1- ophthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- manidbular
93
what CN provides motor innervation to muscles of mastication and muscles in the ear and pharynx- tensor muscles
trigeminal nerve CN V- segment V3- mandibular
94
what portion of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
V3-mandibular
95
what CN innervates facial muscles, glands and taste
facial CN VII
96
what CN gives parasympathetic innervation to ptyergopalatine ganglion
facial CN VII
97
what CN innervates nasal mucosa and lacrimal gland
facial CN VII
98
what CN innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue and provides taste sensation
facial CN VII
99
what are the two exits for facial CN VII
stylomastoid foramen and internal acoustic meatus
100
what cranial nerve provides motor innervation to stylopharyngeus
CN XI- glossopharyngeal
101
what CN innervates the parotid gland
CN IX- glossopharyngeal
102
what CN provides taste from posterior 1/3 ofd tongue, general sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx, middle of ear, auditory tube, carotid sinus, and carotid body
CN IX- glossopharyngeal
103
what cranial nerve provides motor to muscles of soft palate, palatoglossus, pharynx, and larynx
CN X-vagus
104
what cranial nerve provides PNS to cardiac muscle, viscera to left colic flexure
CN X-vagus
105
what cranial nerve provides taste buds around epiglottis
CNX- vagus
106
what cranial nerve innervates several neck and back muscles like brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, sternocephalicus and trapezius
CN XI- accessory
107
what cranial nerve innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
