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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 40: Embryo of Head and Neck > Flashcards

Lecture 40: Embryo of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two fates of invaginating epiblasts during gastrulation

A
  1. Intraembryonic mesoderm (fill space between epiblast and hypoplast)
  2. Endoderm (replace hypoblast)

(Remaining epiblasts becoming ectoderm)

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2
Q

The presence of ___ induces thickening in the adjacent ectoderm

A

Notochord

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3
Q

What are the two longitudinal ridges that form in neural plate

A

neural folds

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4
Q

What structure is between neural folds

A

Neural groove

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5
Q

What are neural crest cells

A

Crests of neural folds that grow towards each other and then continue to proliferate and migrate away from neural folds/tube to develop in many regions of the embryo

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6
Q

What drives lateral folding

A

Growth of somites

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7
Q

What drives craniocaudal folding

A

Longitudinal growth of the cranial and caudal ends of the neural plate

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8
Q

What separates the pharynx from the oral cavity in development

A

Craniocauudal folding

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9
Q

What are pharyngeal arches

A

Parried bulges along the wall of the developing pharynx

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10
Q

What forms the outer surface of the pharyngeal arches

A

Ectoderm

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11
Q

What forms the middle surface of the pharyngeal arches

A

Mesenchyme from the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm

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12
Q

What cells are present in the middle of pharyngeal arches

A

Neural crest cells

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13
Q

What are the 5 arches

A

1,2,3,4, 6

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14
Q

The mesoderm of the pharyngeal arches become most of the muscles of the ___

A

Head

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15
Q

What is responsible for forming the skeleton of head and neck

A

Neural crest cells

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16
Q

What nerve innervates Arch 1

A

Trigeminal CN V

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17
Q

What nerve innervates Arch 2

A

Facial CN VII

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18
Q

What nerve innervates arch 3

A

Glossopharyngeal CN XI

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19
Q

What nerve innervates arch 4

A

Cranial laryngeal on vagus CN X

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20
Q

What nerve innervates arch 6

A

Caudal laryngeal nerve on vagus CN X

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21
Q

What are the two processes that make up the first pharyngeal arch

A

maxillary and manidbular processes

22
Q

What is the cartilage of the the 1st arch

A

Merkel’s cartilage

23
Q

What two structures derive from merkel’s cartilage

A

Malleus and incus

24
Q

Mesenchyme derived from neural crest cells form bones of ___ and ___

A

Mandible and lower face

25
Q

Mesoderm derived mesenchyme of the first arch produces the dermis of the ___ and ___ associated with ____ and ____

A

Face and muscles associated with mandible and ear

26
Q

What structures does the trigeminal nerve innervates in the first arch

A

Muscles of mandible (mastication), tensor tympani and tensor veil palatini and the skin of the face

27
Q

The cartilage of the 2nd arch articulates with what

A

Merkels cartilage of 1st arch

28
Q

Cartilage of the second arch becomes what two structures

A

Hyoid apparatus and the stapes

29
Q

What are the muscles of the second arch

A

Stylohyoideus, caudal DI gastric, stapedius, muscles of facial expression

30
Q

What bones are in the 3 arch

A

Thyrohoid and basihyoid

31
Q

What muscle is in 3rd arch

A

Stylopharyngeus

32
Q

What cartilages are in 4th arch

A

Laryngeal

33
Q

What muscles are in 4th arch

A

Cricothyroid and pharyngeal

34
Q

Arch 6 contains what muscles

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid)

35
Q

What structures are between the arches

A

External: cleft
Internal: pouches

36
Q

The first pouch and cleft form between what

A

First and second arch

37
Q

The cleft becomes ____

A

External auditory canal

38
Q

The first pouch becomes what two structures

A

Tympanic cavity and pharyngotympanic tube

39
Q

Invagination of the 1st cleft and 1st pouch continue deep until surfaces join at what structure

A

Tympanic membrane

40
Q

The tonsils are a derivative of what pouch

A

Pouch 2

41
Q

Glands are a derivative of what pouch

A

Pouch 3

42
Q

What pouch contributes to C cells of thyroid gland

A

Pouch 4

43
Q

The cervical sinus is from what arch

A

Arch 2

44
Q

Failure of the cervical sinus to develop results in what in adults

A

Cervical cysts

45
Q

Failure of arch 2 to fuse with the distal lateral cervical tissue results in ___ that may connect to cervical cysts

A

Fistulas

46
Q

The nasal placode results from thickening of what structure

A

Ectoderm

47
Q

What is the stomodeum

A

Primitive oral cavity

48
Q

Completion of the secondary palate results in fusion of what two structures

A

Palatine shelves and nasal septum

49
Q

Several swellings from the floor of the developing oral pharynx contribute to the development of the ___

A

Tongue

50
Q

What two swellings come from the first arch

A

Lateral lingual and tuberculum impar

51
Q

copula swelling comes from what arches

A

2,3,4

52
Q

The epiglottal swelling comes from what arch

A

4

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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