Lecture 17: Neck 1 Flashcards
___ is an outgrowth of cervical body segments
pectoral limb
what is the thoracic inlet
space bounded by 1st ribs, sternum, and T1 vertebrae
primary passageway for structures between neck and thorax
where does the vertebral column and axial musculature attach
occipital bone
how many cervical vertebrae do most mammals have
7
what is the hyoid apparatus
series of bones running from the temporal bones of the skull into the neck and supporting the tongue, pharynx and larynx
what are the laryngeal cartilages
set of cartilages at cranial end of airway
what are the main physical characteristics of the atlas
C1 vertebrae that has articular facets for occipital bone
large transverse processes- “wings” or “alar processes”
what are the palpable regions of C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis)
wing of atlas and spine of axis
in what animals are you unable to palpate the spine of the axis and why
horses and ruminants due to presence of ligamentum nuchae and fatty crest in horses
Cresty Neck Scores
size and shape of fatty crest in equines can be used as a reliable substitute for general body composition or indicator of metabolic health issues
what bones make up the hyoid apparatus
stylohyoid, basihyoid, Thyrohyoid
where does the stylohyoid bone articulate and how
articulates to the temporal bone via the tympanohyoid cartilage
what is the basihyoid
unpaired bone anchored in musculature of the base of the tongue
what is the lingual process
present in horse and cattle
help support the weight of the tongue
where does the thyrohyoid bone attach
articulates with the thyroid cartilage
what are the epaxial muscles of the head and neck
spinalis, semispinalis, longissimus and splenius
OINA for splenius
O: T1-T3 and cervical midline raphe
I: nuchal crest and mastoid
N: dorsal rami
A: Extend head and neck, some lateral bending of cervical region
what are the hypaxial muscles of the neck
longus coli, longus capitus, and scalenus
where does longus coli run
along the cranial thoracic vertebral bodies and cervical vertebral bodies and transverse processes
where does longus capitis run
lateral to longus coli from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae to the ventral part of the skull
where does the scalenus group run
caudal cervical vertebrae to cranial ribs
what are the several capitis muscles specific to fine control of atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joint
4 rectus muscles
1. rectus capitis dorsalis major
2. rectus capitis dorsalis minor
3. rectus capitis lateralis
4. rectus capitis ventralis
2 oblique muscles
1. obliquus capitis cranialis
2. obliquus capitis caudalis
what is contained within the carotid sheath
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagosympathetic trunk
what is the pretracheal fascia
muscles and fascia of the ventral neck
