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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 41: Neuroanatomy of the Chemical Senses > Flashcards

Lecture 41: Neuroanatomy of the Chemical Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are supporting or sustentacular cells

A

Columnar cells which contribute to mucus

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2
Q

What are basal cells in olfactory epithelium

A

Stem cells which give rise to new olfactory neurons with lifespan of 30-60 days

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3
Q

What are the apical dendrites

A

Dendrites that terminate in the olfactory vesicle with 10-30 no motile cilia that produce into mucus layer and contain odorant receptors

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4
Q

What axons project through cribs form plate with other axons as bundles called olfactory fila that synapse in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb

A

Basal unmyelinated axons

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5
Q

Air is exhaled through ___so it doesn’t dilute the scent of incoming air

A

Side slits

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6
Q

Olfactory transduction uses what kind of receptors

A

GPCR

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7
Q

Odorant molecules interact with what proteins to cross mucus layer

A

Odorant binding proteins

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8
Q

Only one type of odorant receptor per ____ neuron

A

Olfactory receptor neuron

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9
Q

Odorant molecules bind to odorant receptors on ___ of olfactory receptor neurons where transduction occurs

A

Cilia

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10
Q

What are the two transduction mechanisms for olfaction

A

Cation and calcium

(Both led to olfactory depolarization)

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11
Q

T/F: odor compounds can combine to stimulate various odorant receptors with variable activations. Perceptions of smell rely on relative strength of activation combinations

A

T

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12
Q

Explain why we get used to smells

A

Olfaction is a change detector system so when odorant receptors are saturated they will undergo receptor cycling and odorant molecule is unbound from receptor

Benefit is we filter out background odors to detect new ones

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13
Q

What are the 5 layers of the olfactory bulb

A
  1. Olfactory sensory neurons (olfactory epithelium)
  2. Periglomerular cells (glomeruli)
  3. Tufted cells (glomeruli)
  4. Mitral cells (olfactory bulb)
  5. Granule cells (olfactory bulb)
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14
Q

Each glomerulus synapses with olfactory neurons that all produce the ___type of odorant receptor

A

Same

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15
Q

CN I carries olfactory information back to what part of the brain

A

Piriform lobe

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16
Q

What part of cortex receives olfaction

A

Olfactory cortex

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17
Q

What part of cortex receives olfaction and taste

A

Orbitofrontal

18
Q

What part of cortex receives taste

A

Insula

19
Q

Olfactory neurons that project to ____ affect feeding behavior and appetite

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

Entorhinal cortex neurons that project to ___ affect learning and learned repsonses

A

Hippocampus

21
Q

Amygdala projections contribute to ___responses

A

Emotion

22
Q

What organ is involved in sexual activity, particular the lip curl reaction demonstrated by male animals aroused by odor of vaginal secretion or urine from estrous females

A

Vomeronasal organ

23
Q

What are the 5 tastes

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami

24
Q

T/F: specific taste buds are regionally located

A

False- all tastes buds are distributed across tongue

25
Q

What papillae are on the rostral 2/3 of tongue

A

Fungiform papillae

26
Q

What papillae are on caudal tongue

A

Vallate papillae

27
Q

Where are the foliate papillae located

A

1 on each side

28
Q

Taste buds are located on the ___

A

Tongue papillae

29
Q

T/F: taste buds are innervated by multiple neurons

A

T

30
Q

What cells form outer envelope of bud

A

Supporting cells

31
Q

What cells give rise to new taste receptor within 10-14 days

A

Basal stem cells

32
Q

What covers the end of each taste bud

A

Microvilli

33
Q

What tastes directly interact with specific ion channels to depolarize

A

Salty and sour

34
Q

What taste has their protons block potassium channels

A

Sour

35
Q

What tastes use GPCR’s to initiate depolarization

A

Sweet, sour, bitter

36
Q

What is the only taste penguins have

A

Salty, sour

37
Q

What tastes do cats lack

A

Sweet

38
Q

What are the three sensory taste nerves

A
  1. Chorda tympani (VII)
  2. Glosspharyngeal (IX)
  3. Vagus (X)
39
Q

What nerve provides taste to epiglottis

A

Vagus

40
Q

What nerve provides taste to caudal 1/3 of tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

41
Q

What nerve provides taste to rostral 2/3 of tongue

A

Chorda tympani

42
Q

All taste sensations from VII, IX and V are transmitted to ___ nucleus and tract in ____

A

Solitary nucleus and tract in brainstem

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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