Lecture 34: Oral Cavity Flashcards by Jen McGann

The prescence of teeth divides the mouth into two what two spaces

Vestibule and oral cavity proper

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What is the space between the lips/cheeks and teeth

Vestibule

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What is the space internal to the teeth

Oral cavity proper

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Under normal conditions the oral vestibular and oral cavity are both just ____

Potential spaces

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The oral cavity proper is almost completely filled by

The tongue

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How does the mobility of the tongue change depending on what portion you are referring to

Rostral portion is very mobile
Partially mobile toward central portion that is fixed to floor of oral cavity
Caudal portion is relatively immobile

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What attaches the central portion of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

Frenulum

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What is the caudal portion of the tongue attached to

Basihyoid bone and epiglottis

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What are the valleculae

Two small pockets on either side of the midline as a result of the attachment of the caudal tongue to epiglottis

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The dorsal surface of the tongue is characterized by the presence of several different kinds of ___

Papillae

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To protect from sharp particles of the food the dorsal surface of the tongue is mostly covered in ____

Small keratinized filiform papillae which are not associated with taste buds

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What are the 3 types of papillae that are scattered throughout the tongue

Larger fungiform, foliate, vallate

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Which papillae is the largest and typically restricted to a line or area towards the caudal end of the dorsal surface

Vallate papillae

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In felines keratinized filiform are much ____ and tend to be directed ____

Larger and caudally

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What is the lyssa

Stiff CT rod embedded in the apex of the tongue, function is unknown but most likely works as a dynamic stiffening rod to help support the extensive freely mobile apex

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What two groups can the muscles of the tongue be divided into

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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What muscle group of the tongue forms the dorsal and lateral parts of the body of the tongue

Intrinsic

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What muscle group of the tongue originate on other structures and insert onto tongue

Extrinsic

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What muscle group of tongue controls the position and gross movements

Extrinsic

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What muscle group of the tongue control the shape and fine movements of the tongue

Intrinsic muscles

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What nerve innervates both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

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Genioglossus OINA

O: medial surface of the mandible
I: midline ventral surface of the tongue
N: hypoglossal
A: depress the tongue

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Hyoglossus OINA

O: basihyoid
I: lateral side of the caudal portion of the tongue
N: hypoglossal
A: retract the tongue

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Styloglossus

O: stylohyoid
I: lateral surface of the tongue along most of the length
N: hypoglossal
A: retract the tongue

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Geniohyoid OINA

O: intermandibular articulation I: basihyoid H: hypoglossal nerve A: draws the hyoid apparatus and larynx rostrally

What is the major vessel that supplies the tongue

Lingual artery

What does the lingual artery branch off of

external carotid artery

What is the pathway of the lingual artery

Enters the oral cavity on the medial surface of the hypoglossus muscle, the runs on the lateral surface of the genioglossus muscle as it courses through the tongue to the apex, in the apex the name changes to deep lingual artery and found ear ventral surface

Ateriovenous anastomoses in the apex of the tongue facilitates efficient ____

Heat exchange and cool the animal during panting

What nerve supplies motor to all the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except 1)

Hypoglossal

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve

After crossing through the cranial neck the hypoglossal nerve runs with the lingual artery toward the oral cavity It enters the oral cavity on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle

What four cranial nerves contribute to sensory (general and taste) innervation to the tongue

CN V3-lingual branch, CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus)

What two cranial nerves supply the rostral portion of the tongue (rostral to vallate papillae)

CNV3 and CN VII

What CN supplies general sensory to the rostral portion of the tongue

Lingual nerve- branch off CN V3

What CN supplies taste from the rostral portion of the tongue

Fibers from the facial CN VII, via the chorda tympani, hitchhiking on lingual nerve

What cranial nerves supply the caudal portion of the tongue (including around the vallate papillae)

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (X)

What nerve provides both general sensory and taste to the most caudal tongue

Glossopharyngeal

What nerve provides both general sensory and a little bit of taste from the tongue around the epiglottis

Vagus

What are the four regional salivary glands

Parotid, mandibular, sublingual, buccal (called zygomatic in dogs)

What drains the parotid gland

Single long parotid duct that crosses the masseter superficially

Where does the long parotid duct drain to

Oral cavity on the buccal surface rostral to the edge of the masseter muscle (in dog opposite to fourth maxillary premolar)

What gland is sandwiched in between the maxillary and linguofacial veins

Mandibular

What is the pathway of the mandibular ducts

Run from medial surface of the gland through the floor of the oral cavity to empty in the rostral part of the oral cavity

How are the sublingual glands distinguished

Based on their drainage pattern- monostomatic vs polystomatic

How does the monostomatic sublingual gland drain

Drains via a single major sublingual duct that runs parallel to mandibular duct

What species does not have the monostomatic sublingual gland

Horses

What is the polystomatic gland and how does it drain

Collection of smaller more diffuse lobules of glandular tissue that drain directly via numerous small ducts through the floor of the oral cavity

Where do both the mandibular and major sublingual ducts drain into

Empty into the oral cavity at the sublingual caruncle

What is the sublingual caruncle

Small bump of tissue just lateral to the root of the lingual frenulum

Do salivary glands receive PNS or SNS innervation

Both

What ganglion do postganglionic sympathetics to the salivary glands come from

Cranial cervical ganglion

What is the pathway of postganglionic sympathetics from the cranial cervical ganglion

Axons form periarterial plexiand follow arteries to the target organs (lingual to mandibular and sublingual glands) Some postganglionic sympathetics pass through parasympathetic ganglia (no synapse), and distribute to target organs with parasympatheticswh

Parasympathetics leave the brain in what four cranial nerves

Vagus, oculomotor, facial, and glossopharyngeal

What ganglion receive PNS innervation from facial nerve

Pterygopalatine ganglion and mandibular and sublingual ganglia

Parasympathetics to mandibular and sublingual salivary glands receive innervation from what ganglion

Mandibular and sublingual ganglia

What ganglion receives PNS innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve

Otic ganglion

What salivary glands receive parasympathetic innervation coming from otic ganglion

Parotid and buccal/zygomatic

What is the presynaptic pathway for glossopharyngeal to otic ganglion

CN IX travels through middle ear, middle cranial fossa and foramen ovale to synapse on otic ganglion

What is postsynaptic pathway of CN IX after synapsing at otic ganglion

Hitchhike on auriculotemporal nerve and its branches to reach parotid and zygomatic glands

Describe the entire pre to postsynaptic pathway from glossopharyngeal CN IX to parotid gland

1. CN IX passes through jugular foramen (pre) 2. Becomes tympanic branch in middle ear (pre) 3. Continues through middle cranial fossa and foramen ovale to become minor petrosal nerve (pre) 4. Synapse at otic ganglion in infratemporal fossa 5. Hitchhikes on auriculotemporal nerve (post) 6. Innervates parotid gland on lateral face

What is the preganglionic pathway from CN VII to mandibular and sublingual ganglia

Preganglionic PNS from CN VII travel through the ear to infratemporal fossa and join lingual nerve to hitchhike to mandibular and sublingual ganglia for synapse

Describe the pathway of postganglionic PNS from mandibular or sublingual ganglia

Pass directly to glands

Describe the entire pathway of innervation (pre and post) from CN VII to mandibular gland

1. CN VII passes through internal acoustic meatus 2. Enters temporal bone and becomes chorda tympani (pre) which passes through middle ear 3. Hops on lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa 4. Synapse at mandibular ganglion in oral cavity 5. Direct post synaptic fibers travel through to cranial neck and synapse at mandibular ganglion (post)