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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 34: Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Lecture 34: Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

The prescence of teeth divides the mouth into two what two spaces

A

Vestibule and oral cavity proper

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2
Q

What is the space between the lips/cheeks and teeth

A

Vestibule

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3
Q

What is the space internal to the teeth

A

Oral cavity proper

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4
Q

Under normal conditions the oral vestibular and oral cavity are both just ____

A

Potential spaces

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5
Q

The oral cavity proper is almost completely filled by

A

The tongue

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6
Q

How does the mobility of the tongue change depending on what portion you are referring to

A

Rostral portion is very mobile
Partially mobile toward central portion that is fixed to floor of oral cavity
Caudal portion is relatively immobile

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7
Q

What attaches the central portion of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

A

Frenulum

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8
Q

What is the caudal portion of the tongue attached to

A

Basihyoid bone and epiglottis

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9
Q

What are the valleculae

A

Two small pockets on either side of the midline as a result of the attachment of the caudal tongue to epiglottis

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10
Q

The dorsal surface of the tongue is characterized by the presence of several different kinds of ___

A

Papillae

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11
Q

To protect from sharp particles of the food the dorsal surface of the tongue is mostly covered in ____

A

Small keratinized filiform papillae which are not associated with taste buds

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of papillae that are scattered throughout the tongue

A

Larger fungiform, foliate, vallate

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13
Q

Which papillae is the largest and typically restricted to a line or area towards the caudal end of the dorsal surface

A

Vallate papillae

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14
Q

In felines keratinized filiform are much ____ and tend to be directed ____

A

Larger and caudally

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15
Q

What is the lyssa

A

Stiff CT rod embedded in the apex of the tongue, function is unknown but most likely works as a dynamic stiffening rod to help support the extensive freely mobile apex

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16
Q

What two groups can the muscles of the tongue be divided into

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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17
Q

What muscle group of the tongue forms the dorsal and lateral parts of the body of the tongue

A

Intrinsic

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18
Q

What muscle group of the tongue originate on other structures and insert onto tongue

A

Extrinsic

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19
Q

What muscle group of tongue controls the position and gross movements

A

Extrinsic

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20
Q

What muscle group of the tongue control the shape and fine movements of the tongue

A

Intrinsic muscles

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21
Q

What nerve innervates both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

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22
Q

Genioglossus OINA

A

O: medial surface of the mandible
I: midline ventral surface of the tongue
N: hypoglossal
A: depress the tongue

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23
Q

Hyoglossus OINA

A

O: basihyoid
I: lateral side of the caudal portion of the tongue
N: hypoglossal
A: retract the tongue

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24
Q

Styloglossus

A

O: stylohyoid
I: lateral surface of the tongue along most of the length
N: hypoglossal
A: retract the tongue

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25
Q

Geniohyoid OINA

A

O: intermandibular articulation
I: basihyoid
H: hypoglossal nerve
A: draws the hyoid apparatus and larynx rostrally

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26
Q

What is the major vessel that supplies the tongue

A

Lingual artery

27
Q

What does the lingual artery branch off of

A

external carotid artery

28
Q

What is the pathway of the lingual artery

A

Enters the oral cavity on the medial surface of the hypoglossus muscle, the runs on the lateral surface of the genioglossus muscle as it courses through the tongue to the apex, in the apex the name changes to deep lingual artery and found ear ventral surface

29
Q

Ateriovenous anastomoses in the apex of the tongue facilitates efficient ____

A

Heat exchange and cool the animal during panting

30
Q

What nerve supplies motor to all the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except 1)

A

Hypoglossal

31
Q

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve

A

After crossing through the cranial neck the hypoglossal nerve runs with the lingual artery toward the oral cavity

It enters the oral cavity on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle

32
Q

What four cranial nerves contribute to sensory (general and taste) innervation to the tongue

A

CN V3-lingual branch, CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus)

33
Q

What two cranial nerves supply the rostral portion of the tongue (rostral to vallate papillae)

A

CNV3 and CN VII

34
Q

What CN supplies general sensory to the rostral portion of the tongue

A

Lingual nerve- branch off CN V3

35
Q

What CN supplies taste from the rostral portion of the tongue

A

Fibers from the facial CN VII, via the chorda tympani, hitchhiking on lingual nerve

36
Q

What cranial nerves supply the caudal portion of the tongue (including around the vallate papillae)

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (X)

37
Q

What nerve provides both general sensory and taste to the most caudal tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

38
Q

What nerve provides both general sensory and a little bit of taste from the tongue around the epiglottis

A

Vagus

39
Q

What are the four regional salivary glands

A

Parotid, mandibular, sublingual, buccal (called zygomatic in dogs)

40
Q

What drains the parotid gland

A

Single long parotid duct that crosses the masseter superficially

41
Q

Where does the long parotid duct drain to

A

Oral cavity on the buccal surface rostral to the edge of the masseter muscle (in dog opposite to fourth maxillary premolar)

42
Q

What gland is sandwiched in between the maxillary and linguofacial veins

A

Mandibular

43
Q

What is the pathway of the mandibular ducts

A

Run from medial surface of the gland through the floor of the oral cavity to empty in the rostral part of the oral cavity

44
Q

How are the sublingual glands distinguished

A

Based on their drainage pattern- monostomatic vs polystomatic

45
Q

How does the monostomatic sublingual gland drain

A

Drains via a single major sublingual duct that runs parallel to mandibular duct

46
Q

What species does not have the monostomatic sublingual gland

A

Horses

47
Q

What is the polystomatic gland and how does it drain

A

Collection of smaller more diffuse lobules of glandular tissue that drain directly via numerous small ducts through the floor of the oral cavity

48
Q

Where do both the mandibular and major sublingual ducts drain into

A

Empty into the oral cavity at the sublingual caruncle

49
Q

What is the sublingual caruncle

A

Small bump of tissue just lateral to the root of the lingual frenulum

50
Q

Do salivary glands receive PNS or SNS innervation

A

Both

51
Q

What ganglion do postganglionic sympathetics to the salivary glands come from

A

Cranial cervical ganglion

52
Q

What is the pathway of postganglionic sympathetics from the cranial cervical ganglion

A

Axons form periarterial plexiand follow arteries to the target organs (lingual to mandibular and sublingual glands)

Some postganglionic sympathetics pass through parasympathetic ganglia (no synapse), and distribute to target organs with parasympatheticswh

53
Q

Parasympathetics leave the brain in what four cranial nerves

A

Vagus, oculomotor, facial, and glossopharyngeal

54
Q

What ganglion receive PNS innervation from facial nerve

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion and mandibular and sublingual ganglia

55
Q

Parasympathetics to mandibular and sublingual salivary glands receive innervation from what ganglion

A

Mandibular and sublingual ganglia

56
Q

What ganglion receives PNS innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Otic ganglion

57
Q

What salivary glands receive parasympathetic innervation coming from otic ganglion

A

Parotid and buccal/zygomatic

58
Q

What is the presynaptic pathway for glossopharyngeal to otic ganglion

A

CN IX travels through middle ear, middle cranial fossa and foramen ovale to synapse on otic ganglion

59
Q

What is postsynaptic pathway of CN IX after synapsing at otic ganglion

A

Hitchhike on auriculotemporal nerve and its branches to reach parotid and zygomatic glands

60
Q

Describe the entire pre to postsynaptic pathway from glossopharyngeal CN IX to parotid gland

A
  1. CN IX passes through jugular foramen (pre)
  2. Becomes tympanic branch in middle ear (pre)
  3. Continues through middle cranial fossa and foramen ovale to become minor petrosal nerve (pre)
  4. Synapse at otic ganglion in infratemporal fossa
  5. Hitchhikes on auriculotemporal nerve (post)
  6. Innervates parotid gland on lateral face
61
Q

What is the preganglionic pathway from CN VII to mandibular and sublingual ganglia

A

Preganglionic PNS from CN VII travel through the ear to infratemporal fossa and join lingual nerve to hitchhike to mandibular and sublingual ganglia for synapse

62
Q

Describe the pathway of postganglionic PNS from mandibular or sublingual ganglia

A

Pass directly to glands

63
Q

Describe the entire pathway of innervation (pre and post) from CN VII to mandibular gland

A
  1. CN VII passes through internal acoustic meatus
  2. Enters temporal bone and becomes chorda tympani (pre) which passes through middle ear
  3. Hops on lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa
  4. Synapse at mandibular ganglion in oral cavity
  5. Direct post synaptic fibers travel through to cranial neck and synapse at mandibular ganglion (post)

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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