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Biology 227 Lecture > Integumentary Test review > Flashcards

Integumentary Test review Flashcards

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1
Q

myogenic response

A

When smooth muscles contract in response to being stretched. this contraction isn’t indefinite, but ends after a certain period of time.

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2
Q

Multi-unit smooth muscles

A

Receive stimulation to contract individually. Found in eye and ciliary muscles, walls of large air passageways, walls of large arteries.

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3
Q

Single unit muscle cells

A

Contract in unison. Digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts,

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4
Q

origins

A

fixed attachments of muscle

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5
Q

attachments

A

movable end of a muscle

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6
Q

agonist

A

primary muscle responsible for a movement

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7
Q

antagonist

A

muscle apposing agonist

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8
Q

synergists

A

muscles that help the agonist

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9
Q

fleshy attachments

A

direct attachment of muscle to bone

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10
Q

tendinous attachment

A

attached via tendon

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11
Q

aponeurotic attachment

A

flat tendinous sheet

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12
Q

where are the keratinocytes produced?

A

Stratum basal

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13
Q

What cell type is stratum basal

A

cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells- one layer

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14
Q

where is the stratum basal located?

A

Bottom layer of epidermis rightly next to dermis

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15
Q

Merkel cells

A

Tactile cells- light touch- release chemical that stimulates nerve endings

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16
Q

how fast does epidermis regenerate?

A

25-50 days

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17
Q

Microscope slide appearance

A

next to all the fingerlike projections of the Demis.

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18
Q

Stratum spinous slide appearance

A

spike like

has langerhans cells that play a role in immunity

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19
Q

lucidum

A

light- only in hands and feet

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20
Q

corner

A

outermost layer of the epidermis- remember cause cornea of the eye is outermost layer of eye
thick
no nucleus visible

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21
Q

thick skin in hands or feat- defining features

A

lucidum and no sabacious glands

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22
Q

thin skin

A

sweat glands, oil (sabacious) glands, hair present

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23
Q

what is the dermis made of?

A

mostly connective tissue- high concentrations of fibroblasts.

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24
Q

two layer of dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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25
Q

what receptors are in the papillary layer

A

exteroreceptors, interoreceptors, proprioreceptors.

26
Q

exteroreceptors

A

know stimulus from outside

27
Q

interoreceptors

A

know stimulus from inside the body

28
Q

proprioreceptors

A

internal, focus on tendon, muscle, and ligament movement/stretch

29
Q

nociceptros

A

pain receptors

30
Q

merkel disks

A

light pressure- stratum basal

31
Q

root hair plexus

A

hair movement, found with hair follicles

32
Q

Meisner’s corpuscles

A

mechanical pressure, vibration, light pressure, discriminative touch- found in papillae

33
Q

Kraus’s end bulbs

A

modified Meisner’s corpuscles- found in mucosae.

34
Q

pacinian (lamellar) corpuscles

A

deep pressure and stretch, widespread in skin

35
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

deep pressure, stretch, joints

36
Q

what is reticular layer of the dermis made of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

37
Q

where are sweat glands found?

A

reticular layer of the dermis

38
Q

eccrine (merocrine) glands-

A

sweat glands that open directly to the surface.

39
Q

apocrine glands

A

sweat glands- protein rich white secretions. Mix with oil of sebaceous glands- armpits, nipples, ear canals, eye lids, nostril, perennial region, external genitalia. release stuff into hair follicles
activated around puberty

40
Q

salacious glands

A

oil glands- simple, branched
halocrine glands
i.e. oil glands of scalp

41
Q

how are things secreted from apocrine and merocrine (eccrine) glands?

A

exocytosis

42
Q

order of the structure of hair

A 
Pneumonic- Mary could come in or die
Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle
Inner root sheath
outer root sheath
dermal sheath
43
Q

phases of hair

A

anogen- hair growth
catagen- cells convert to solid keratinized mass, shaft becomes thinner, moves toward surface.
telogen- new bulb begins to form
exogen- hair is shed

Air can trap eggs

44
Q

Eumelanin

A

brown/black melanin

45
Q

pheomelanin

A

red/yellow color

46
Q

lanula

A

white at base of nail

47
Q

nail matrix

A

only at the root of the nail

48
Q

nail bed

A

under the whole nail

49
Q

hyponychium

A

under the part of the nail that is clipped

50
Q

sesamoid bones

A

embedded in tendons

51
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy bone

52
Q

endosteum

A

covers trabeculae of spongy bone

53
Q

short, irregular, flat

A

no marrow cavity

diploe is internal spongy layer of these bones

54
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

A

mesenchymal cells

produce osteoclasts

55
Q

volcman’s lateral canas

A

right angles to long axis of bone- connect blood and nerves to periosteum

56
Q

canaliculae

A

connect lacunae- allow communication between osteocytes

57
Q

interstitial growth

A

bone length growth

happens in lacunae in matrix

58
Q

appositional growth

A

increases bone diameter

happens in perichondrium via stem cells

59
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

makes flat bones of skull

60
Q

endochonral ossification

A

bone formed from hyaline cartilage model
model develops
cartilage calcifies
primary ossification centers form in diaphysis
secondary ossification center from in epiphysis
almost all cartilage replaced

Biology 227 Lecture (66 decks)

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