Integumentary Test review

Question 1

myogenic response

Answer 1

When smooth muscles contract in response to being stretched. this contraction isn’t indefinite, but ends after a certain period of time.

Question 2

Multi-unit smooth muscles

Answer 2

Receive stimulation to contract individually. Found in eye and ciliary muscles, walls of large air passageways, walls of large arteries.

Question 3

Single unit muscle cells

Answer 3

Contract in unison. Digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts,

Question 4

origins

Answer 4

fixed attachments of muscle

Question 5

attachments

Answer 5

movable end of a muscle

Question 6

agonist

Answer 6

primary muscle responsible for a movement

Question 7

antagonist

Answer 7

muscle apposing agonist

Question 8

synergists

Answer 8

muscles that help the agonist

Question 9

fleshy attachments

Answer 9

direct attachment of muscle to bone

Question 10

tendinous attachment

Answer 10

attached via tendon

Question 11

aponeurotic attachment

Answer 11

flat tendinous sheet

Question 12

where are the keratinocytes produced?

Answer 12

Stratum basal

Question 13

What cell type is stratum basal

Answer 13

cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells- one layer

Question 14

where is the stratum basal located?

Answer 14

Bottom layer of epidermis rightly next to dermis

Question 15

Merkel cells

Answer 15

Tactile cells- light touch- release chemical that stimulates nerve endings

Question 16

how fast does epidermis regenerate?

Answer 16

25-50 days

Question 17

Microscope slide appearance

Answer 17

next to all the fingerlike projections of the Demis.

Question 18

Stratum spinous slide appearance

Answer 18

spike like

has langerhans cells that play a role in immunity

Question 19

lucidum

Answer 19

light- only in hands and feet

Question 20

corner

Answer 20

outermost layer of the epidermis- remember cause cornea of the eye is outermost layer of eye
thick
no nucleus visible

Question 21

thick skin in hands or feat- defining features

Answer 21

lucidum and no sabacious glands

Question 22

thin skin

Answer 22

sweat glands, oil (sabacious) glands, hair present

Question 23

what is the dermis made of?

Answer 23

mostly connective tissue- high concentrations of fibroblasts.

Question 24

two layer of dermis

Answer 24

papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 25

what receptors are in the papillary layer

Answer 25

exteroreceptors, interoreceptors, proprioreceptors.

Question 26

exteroreceptors

Answer 26

know stimulus from outside

Question 27

interoreceptors

Answer 27

know stimulus from inside the body

Question 28

proprioreceptors

Answer 28

internal, focus on tendon, muscle, and ligament movement/stretch

Question 29

nociceptros

Answer 29

pain receptors

Question 30

merkel disks

Answer 30

light pressure- stratum basal

Question 31

root hair plexus

Answer 31

hair movement, found with hair follicles

Question 32

Meisner’s corpuscles

Answer 32

mechanical pressure, vibration, light pressure, discriminative touch- found in papillae

Question 33

Kraus’s end bulbs

Answer 33

modified Meisner’s corpuscles- found in mucosae.

Question 34

pacinian (lamellar) corpuscles

Answer 34

deep pressure and stretch, widespread in skin

Question 35

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Answer 35

deep pressure, stretch, joints

Question 36

what is reticular layer of the dermis made of?

Answer 36

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 37

where are sweat glands found?

Answer 37

reticular layer of the dermis

Question 38

eccrine (merocrine) glands-

Answer 38

sweat glands that open directly to the surface.

Question 39

apocrine glands

Answer 39

sweat glands- protein rich white secretions. Mix with oil of sebaceous glands- armpits, nipples, ear canals, eye lids, nostril, perennial region, external genitalia. release stuff into hair follicles activated around puberty

Question 40

salacious glands

Answer 40

oil glands- simple, branched halocrine glands i.e. oil glands of scalp

Question 41

how are things secreted from apocrine and merocrine (eccrine) glands?

Answer 41

exocytosis

Question 42

order of the structure of hair

Answer 42

``` Pneumonic- Mary could come in or die Medulla Cortex Cuticle Inner root sheath outer root sheath dermal sheath ```

Question 43

phases of hair

Answer 43

anogen- hair growth catagen- cells convert to solid keratinized mass, shaft becomes thinner, moves toward surface. telogen- new bulb begins to form exogen- hair is shed Air can trap eggs

Question 44

Eumelanin

Answer 44

brown/black melanin

Question 45

pheomelanin

Answer 45

red/yellow color

Question 46

lanula

Answer 46

white at base of nail

Question 47

nail matrix

Answer 47

only at the root of the nail

Question 48

nail bed

Answer 48

under the whole nail

Question 49

hyponychium

Answer 49

under the part of the nail that is clipped

Question 50

sesamoid bones

Answer 50

embedded in tendons

Question 51

cancellous bone

Answer 51

spongy bone

Question 52

endosteum

Answer 52

covers trabeculae of spongy bone

Question 53

short, irregular, flat

Answer 53

no marrow cavity | diploe is internal spongy layer of these bones

Question 54

osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 54

mesenchymal cells | produce osteoclasts

Question 55

volcman’s lateral canas

Answer 55

right angles to long axis of bone- connect blood and nerves to periosteum

Question 56

canaliculae

Answer 56

connect lacunae- allow communication between osteocytes

Question 57

interstitial growth

Answer 57

bone length growth | happens in lacunae in matrix

Question 58

appositional growth

Answer 58

increases bone diameter | happens in perichondrium via stem cells

Question 59

intramembranous ossification

Answer 59

makes flat bones of skull

Question 60

endochonral ossification

Answer 60

bone formed from hyaline cartilage model model develops cartilage calcifies primary ossification centers form in diaphysis secondary ossification center from in epiphysis almost all cartilage replaced