Ch 6.2- Integumentary Structures Derived from the Epidermis

Question 1

What is the main part of the nail called?

Answer 1

Nail body

Question 2

What is the name for the cuticle?

Answer 2

Eponychium

Question 3

Nai bed

Answer 3

The part of the epidermis under the nail body.

Question 4

Nail matrix

Answer 4

Thickened part of the nail bed just beneath the nail root.

Question 5

Lunula

Answer 5

White part of the nail close to the eponychium.

Question 6

Hyponychium

Answer 6

The are of thickened epidermis just under the free edge of the nail.

Question 7

Pilus

Answer 7

Single hair

Question 8

What are the three types of hair?

Answer 8

Lanugo, vellus, and terminal hair.

Question 9

Lanugo hair

Answer 9

the fine hair on new born babies.

Question 10

Vellus hair

Answer 10

hair found on limbs

Question 11

Terminal hair

Answer 11

hair on the scalp.

Question 12

Three zones of hair?

Answer 12

Hair bulb, root, and shaft.

Question 13

Hair bulb

Answer 13

swelling at the base of hair where it originates in the dermis

Question 14

Hair papilla

Answer 14

Epithelium at the base of the bulb made of connective tissue with tiny blood vessels and nerves.

Question 15

Hair root

Answer 15

part of hair extending from the bulb of to the skins surface.

Question 16

Hair shaft

Answer 16

portion of hair that extends beyond the skins surface.

Question 17

Hair matrix

Answer 17

Immediately adjacent to the hair papilla where special type of keratinization occurs.

Question 18

Medulla

Answer 18

Remnant of the soft core of hair matrix. Contains loosely arranged cells and air spaces and contains soft flexible keratin.

Question 19

Cortex

Answer 19

several layers of cells close to the cells outer surface.

Question 20

Hair Cuticle

Answer 20

Single layer of cells that coats the hair cortex.

Question 21

Hair follicle

Answer 21

Oblique tube that surrounds the hair root. Always extends into the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layers.

Question 22

Two layers of hair follicle

Answer 22

Outer connective tissue root sheath from the dermis, and epithelial root sheath from the epidermis.

Question 23

Arrector pilli

Answer 23

Thin ribbons of smooth muscle that attach to the hair follicle.

Question 24

Anagen phase

Answer 24

Phase of hair growth 18 months to 7 years. 80-95% of hair on scalp is made up of this kind of hair.

Question 25

Catagen phase

Answer 25

Regression period where cell division ceases and follicle undergoes involution. 3-4 weeks.

Question 26

Telogen phase

Answer 26

Resting phase when hair is shed. After three to four months, the cells in the hair bulb start regrowing and follicles re-enter the anlagen phase.

Question 27

Alopecia areata

Answer 27

Spot boldness

Question 28

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 28

Merocrine (Eccrine) and apocrine. Both have coiled tubular secretory portion in the dermis and ducts that bring secretion to the surface in merocrine and to the hair follicle in apocrine.

Question 29

Merocrine sweat glands

Answer 29

Clear sweat secretions through exocytosis.

Main purpose is thermoregulation

Question 30

What method do eccrine glands use to excrete substances?

Answer 30

use exocytosis

Question 31

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 31

Release secretions onto hair follicles in the axillae, nipple, pubic, and anal regions. Also done through exocytosis. Secretory portion of gland has much larger lumen than merocrine sweat glands. Secretions are viscous and cloudy and contain proteins and lipids that produce a distinct and noticeable odor when acted on by bacteria. Become active at puberty. Named because people used to think that it delivered its contents by pinching them off along with a portion of the apical surface of the cell.

Question 32

Sebacious Glands

Answer 32

Holocrine glands (release contents through cell rupture-causing cell death) Produce oily waxy section called sebum. Discharged onto the hair follicle and onto hair itself. Bacterialcidal qualities. Multiple can open onto one hair follicle.

Question 33

Ceruminous glands

Answer 33

Modified apocrine sweat glands in the external acoustic meatus of ear. Form cerumen (ear wax).