Ch. 1.4 The Body's Levels of Organization

Question 1

Metabloism

Answer 1

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the body.

Question 2

Metable

Answer 2

Change

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Small molecules are joined to form larger molecules

Question 4

Anabole

Answer 4

A raising up

Question 5

Catablism

Answer 5

Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.

Question 6

Katabole

Answer 6

A casting down

Question 7

Responsiveness

Answer 7

The ability to detect and react to stimuli (internal or external)

Question 8

Regulation

Answer 8

An organism must be able to adjust internal bodily function in response to environmental changes.

Question 9

Reproduction

Answer 9

All organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair.

Question 10

What process do somatic (body) cells use to divide?

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

What process do gamete cells use to reproduce?

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

What are the organization levels from simple to complex?

Answer 12

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

Question 13

What is my organization levels pneumonic?

Answer 13

Charley comes toddling onward over oranges.

Question 14

Molecule

Answer 14

Two or more atoms combined

Question 15

Atom

Answer 15

Smallest units of matter that exhibit characteristics of an element (carbon and hydrogen)

Question 16

Macromolecules

Answer 16

Larger molecules that include some proteins and DNA.

Question 17

Cells

Answer 17

The smallest living structures

Question 18

Tissue

Answer 18

Groups of similar cells that perform common functions

Question 19

What are the four major types of tissue? What do they do?

Answer 19

Epithelial- cover exposed surfaces and lines body cavities
Connective- protects, supports, and binds structures and organs
Muscle tissue- produces movement
Nervous- Conducts nerve impulses for communication

Question 20

What are the parts of the integumentary system?

Answer 20

Hair, toe nails, skin

Question 21

What does the integumentary system do?

Answer 21

Provides protections, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, site of cutaneous receptors and some glands, synthesizes vitamin D

Question 22

What are the parts of the skeletal system?

Answer 22

All bones and vertebrae

Question 23

What does the skeletal system do?

Answer 23

Provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorus, provides sites for ligament and muscle attachment

Question 24

What are the parts of the Muscular system?

Answer 24

All muscles and tendons

Question 25

What does the muscular system do?

Answer 25

Produces body movement, generates heat when muscle contracts.

Question 26

What are the parts of the Nervous system?

Answer 26

All nerves, spinal chord, and the brain

Question 27

What does the Nervous system do?

Answer 27

A regulatory system that controls muscles and some glands, responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.

Question 28

What are the parts of the endocrine system?

Answer 28

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidneys

Question 29

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 29

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones (some which regulate development, growth, and metabolism), maintains homeostasis of blood composition and volume, controls digestive processes, and controls reproductive functions.

Question 30

What are the parts of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 30

Heart and blood vessels

Question 31

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 31

Heart moved blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gasses and pick up waste products.

Question 32

What are the parts of the Lymphatic System?

Answer 32

Tonsils, thymus, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes and lymph vessels.

Question 33

What does the Lymphatic System do?

Answer 33

Transports and filters lymph and may participate in an immune response.

Question 34

What are the parts of the Respiratory System?

Answer 34

Nasal cavity, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 35

What does the Respiratory System do?

Answer 35

Responsible for gas exchange between blood and the air in the lungs.

Question 36

What are the parts of the urinary system?

Answer 36

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.

Question 37

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 37

Filters the blood to remove waste products and biologically active molecules, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body.

Question 38

What are the parts of the digestive system?

Answer 38

Salivary glands, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

Question 39

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 39

Mechanically and chemically digest food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Question 40

What are the parts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 40

Ductus deferens, prostate glands, urethra, testes, seminal vesicle, epididymus, testes, scrotum

Question 41

What does the male reproductive system do?

Answer 41

Produces male sex cells and male hormones, transfers sperm to the female

Question 42

What are the parts of the female reproductive system?

Answer 42

Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, uterine tube, vagina, external genitalia (labia, clitoris)

Question 43

What does the female reproductive system do?

Answer 43

Produces female sex cells and female hormones, receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus, produces and secrets breast milk for nourishment of newborns.