Ch 6.1 Composition and Functions of the Integument

Question 1

What is the epithelium layer of the integument called?

What is it made of ?

Answer 1

Epidermis

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial too deep? What is a good pneumonic to remember the order?

Answer 2

Stratum cornium, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basal.

Pneumonic: Come lets get sun burned.

Question 3

Which three layers have living keratinocytes?

Answer 3

Basal, spinosum, granulosum.

Question 4

What’s another name for the stratum basal?

Answer 4

Stratum germinativum.

Question 5

What are there three types of cells in the basal layer?

Answer 5

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells.

Question 6

What are the proteins called that are found inside keratinocytes?

Answer 6

Cytokeratins.

Question 7

Melanocytes

Answer 7

Structure: Long and branching processes
Function: Produce and store melanin and spread it keratinocytes in stratum basal and sometimes more superficial layers.
Location: Throughout stratum basal

Question 8

Melanosomes

Answer 8

Granules that store melanin.- Made by melanocytes.

Question 9

What is another name for tactile cells?

Answer 9

Merkel Cells

Question 10

Tactile cells

Answer 10

Scattered among stratum basal.

When compressed, they release chemicals that stimulate the sensory nerves.

Question 11

Stratum spinosum

Answer 11

Just superficial to stratum basal. Contains epidermal dendritic cells which play a role in immunity. Has spine appearance in slides because the cytoskeletal elements of desmosomes remain attached during slide prep, but the rest of the cell shrinks.

Question 12

What is the other name for epidermal dendritic cells?

Answer 12

Langerhans cells.

Question 13

What do langerhans/ epidermal dendritic cells do?

Answer 13

They are phagocytic immune cells that fight infection that penetrates the more superficial layers of the epidermis.

Question 14

How many layers of cells are in the granulosum layer?

Answer 14

3-5

Question 15

Where does keratinization begin?

Answer 15

Stratum granulosum

Question 16

How many layers of keratin is the lucidum made of ?

Answer 16

2-3

Question 17

Where is the lucidum layer located?

Answer 17

Only thick skin of soles and palms.

Question 18

What protein does lucidum have in it?

Answer 18

Eleidin. Helps to protect skin for UV light.

Question 19

How many layers the stratum Corneum made up of?

Answer 19

20-30

Question 20

What antimicrobial peptide does sweat contain?

Answer 20

Demicidin.

Question 21

Where does carotene accumulate?

Answer 21

In keratinocytes of the stratum corneum.

Question 22

What is carotene important for?

Answer 22

Vitamin A- good for vision. Also may help reduce fee radicals and increase the number and activity of immune cells.

Question 23

Other name for mole

Answer 23

Nevus

Question 24

hemangioma

Answer 24

Benign tumor formed due to blood vessel proliferation

Question 25

cavernous hemangioma

Answer 25

Larger blood vessel proliferation that may last a lifetime.

Question 26

Frictions ridges

Answer 26

Finger prints Large folds of epidermis and dermis. Found on fingers, palms, soles, and toes.

Question 27

What is the dermis made of primarily?

Answer 27

Mainly Collagen fibers. Made of connective tissue proper. Both elastic and reticular fibers are also found here.

Question 28

What are the two main layers of the dermis?

Answer 28

Superficial papillary and deep reticular

Question 29

What is the papillary layer made of?

Answer 29

Areolar tissue | Located just deep to the epidermis.

Question 30

Dermal papillae

Answer 30

Interdigitate with deep projections of the dermis. Contains capillaries that provide nutrients to the cell of the epidermis. Continas sensory nerve endings.

Question 31

Epidermal ridges

Answer 31

Deep projections of the dermis.

Question 32

Reticular layer

Answer 32

Deep portion of the dermis that extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer. Made of dense regular connective tissue that large bundles of collagen fibers extend in all directions (mesh). This mesh surrounds major structures in the like hair follicles and blood vessels.

Question 33

What does reticular mean?

Answer 33

Network.

Question 34

Lines of cleavage

Answer 34

Tension lines in the skin formed by collagen and elastic fibers designed to resist areas of stress.

Question 35

What are other names for the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 35

Hypodermis or superficial fascia.

Question 36

What tissue types are this made up of ?

Answer 36

Areolar and adipose connective tissue.

Question 37

What is interwoven with the hypodermic?

Answer 37

The connective tissue of the reticular layer. This stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to underlying structures.

Question 38

What is released during sweating?

Answer 38

Water, salts, and urea.