Ch. 15.4 Sympathetic Division

Question 1

One sympathetic trunk ganglion is associated with how many spinal nerves?

Answer 1

Usually one.

Question 2

How many sympathetic trunk ganglion are associated with cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What are the three sympathetic trunk ganglion associated with each cervical nerve?

Answer 3

Superior, middle, and inferior ganglion.

Question 4

Superior cervical ganglion

Answer 4

Contains postganglionic sympathetic neuron cells bodies who’s axons are primarily distributed within the head and neck and some thoracic viscera.
Innervate sweat gland and smooth muscles of the head and neck, dilates pupil of the eye and superior tarsal muscle of the eye.

Question 5

Middle and inferior cervical ganglion

Answer 5

House neuron cell bodies that extend postganglionic axons to thoracic viscera (heart, bronchi/bronchioles)

Question 6

White rami communicantes

Answer 6

Preganglionic sympathetic axons-T1-L2- and their associated spinal nerves.
Myelinated- whitish appearance.

Question 7

Gray rami communicantes

Answer 7

Postganglionic sympathetic axons- sympathetic trunk to spinal nerves.
Unmyelinated- grayish appearance
Connected to cervical, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves.

Question 8

Prevertebral ganglia

Answer 8

This is where splanchnic nerves usually terminate here.
Anterior to spinal column on the anterior-lateral surface o the aorta.
Located only in the abdominal pelvic cavity.

Question 9

What do prevertebral ganglia include?

Answer 9

celiac, superior mesenterech, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

Question 10

Ciliac ganglia

Answer 10

Adjacent to the celiac artery
Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-T9) synapse on ganglionic neurons within each celiac ganglian.
Innervate stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, and duodenum.

Question 11

Superior mesenteric ganglia

Answer 11

Adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.
Lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves project to and terminate within superior mesenteric ganglia.

Receive sympathetic preganglionic neurons from T10-T12.
Postganglionc mesenteric ganglia innervate: Lowe half of the duodenum, remainder of the small intestine, proximal part of large intestine, and part of the pancreases, kidneys, and proximal parts of the uterus.

Question 12

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

Answer 12

Adjacent to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery.
Receive sympathetic preganglionic axon via lumbar splanchnic nerves. These originate in L1-L2.

Postganglionic axons project to and innervate: distal part of large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, distal parts of uterus, and most of the reproductive organs.

Question 13

Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord?

Answer 13

In the anterior roots. Leave the spinal cord within the white ramus.
Note: they haven’t left the spinal column yet, just the cord!