Ch. 12.4- Glial Cells Flashcards
Can glial cells reproduce?
Yes, though cell division.
What is the role of glial cells?
Protect neurons, support then, provide nourishment, and creates supportive scaffolding for all nervous tissue.
What are the four types of glia cells?
Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes
What is the shape of an astrocyte? What do they do?
Star shaped
Nurture, protect, and guide neurons.
What specifically do astrocytes do?
Help protect blood brain barrier Regular interstitial fluid composition Form structural support Assist neuronal development Occupy the space of dying neurons
The ends of astrocyte processes are called?
Perivascular feet
What is the role of perivascular feet in the astrocyte?
Cover and wrap around the capillaries of the brain.
Works with capillaries in the brain to form the blood brain barrier.
How do astrocytes help regular interstitial fluid composition?
Help regulate interstitial fluid by absorbing K+ ions to make sure K+ ions are at right concentration for electrical activity.
How do astrocytes support and organized neurons?
With their cytoskeletons.
How do astrocytes help with neural development?
They secret chemicals in the fetal brain that help regulate the formation of connections between neurons.
How do they occupy the space of dying neurons?
They replicate and fill that space.
What are the cell type of ependymal cells?
Ciliated cuboidal or simple columnar cells.
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Line the ventricles (internal cavities) of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.
How do ependymal cells connect with other neurons?
With slender processes that branch extensively and make contact with other glial cells.
Choroid plexus
Made of ependymal cells and nearby blood capillaries.
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
Produce cerebral spinal fluid.
What do the cilia of ependymal cells do?
Help circulate CSF.
Microglial cells
Small glial cells- make up about 5% of CNS glial cells.
Phagocytic cells that protect against infections/toxins and clean up debris from dead nervous tissue.
Oligodendrocytes
Large cells, bulbous body, and slender cytoplasmic extensions (processes) which wrap around and insulate neurons in the CNS through myelination.
What are the two types of glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system?
Satellite cells
Neurolemmocytes
Satellite cells
Flattened cells arranged around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion.
They electrically insulate the cell body and regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between neuron cell bodies and their environment.
What is another name for neurolemmocytes?
Schwann cells.
What do Schwann cells do?
Flattened and elongated cells the wrap around and insulate neurons in the PNS through myelination.
What is myelin made of?
Repeating concentric layer of the plasma membrane of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.
