Ch 5.6 Tissue development and aging

Question 1

What is formed when an oocyte is fertilized by a sperm?

Answer 1

A diploid cell called a Zygote

Question 2

What is the zygote called after several cell division?

Answer 2

Blastocyst

Question 3

What are the cells that form the embryo called?

Answer 3

Embryoblast

Question 4

What three primary germ layers form from embryo blasts?

Answer 4

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. Once these have all formed, the growing structure can be referred to as an embryo.

Question 5

Ectoderm

Answer 5

Function: Forming many externally placed structures. (Epidermis of skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands of skin.)
Locations: Dorsal and external surface of the embryo.
Enamel, dense of eye, adrenal medulla, and all nerve tissue.

Question 6

Mesoderm

Answer 6

Structure: Becomes mesenchyme
Function: Forms muscle tissue and epithelial lining of vessels and serous membranes that line body cavities.
Location: All connective tissue in the body: dermis of skin, heart, spleen, adrenal cortex, kidneys, uterus, internal reproductive organs.

Question 7

Endoderm

Answer 7

Structure:
Function: Forms epithelial lining of tympanic cavity, auditory tubes. Digestive, respiratory, respiratory, urinary tracts.
Location: Innermost germ layer. Thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, part of tonsils, most of liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 8

Hypertrophy

Answer 8

Increase in size.

Question 9

Hyperplasia

Answer 9

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue.

Question 10

Atrophy

Answer 10

Shrinkage of tissue due to decrease in cell number or cell size.

Question 11

Metaplasia

Answer 11

When mature epithelium changes to a different type of mature epithelium.

Question 12

Dysplasia

Answer 12

Abnormal tissue development

Question 13

Neoplasia

Answer 13

The continued uncontrolled tissue growth forms a tumor.