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Biology 227 Lecture > Ch. 13.1 Overview of brain anatomy > Flashcards

Ch. 13.1 Overview of brain anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.

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2
Q

What are the two sides of the cerebrum?

A

The left and right cerebral hemispheres.

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3
Q

Gyri

A

Folds of brain tissue.

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4
Q

Sulci

A

The shallow depressions between gyri

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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6
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A

Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

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7
Q

What is the pneumonic for the twelve cranial nerves?

A

Oh oh oh to touch and feel a good vagina and hump

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8
Q

What are the twelve cranial nerves?

What is the pneumonic for knowing whether they are motor, sensory, or both?

A 
Olfactory- My
Ophthalmic- Sister
Oculomotor- Says
Trochlear- Money
Trigeminal- Matters
Abducens- But
Facial-Brother
Acoustic- Says
Glossopharyngeal- Big
Vagus- Butts
Accessory- Matter
Hypoglossal- More
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9
Q

What is the anatomical equivalent of anterior?

A

Rostral

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10
Q

What is the anatomical equivalent of

A

Caudal

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11
Q

Notochord

A

Tightly packed group of mesoderm cells on the developing embryo midline.

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12
Q

Endoplate

A

Thickening portion of ectoderm that overlies the notochord and is the beginning of fetal neural development around week three of development.

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13
Q

Neuralation

A

When the endplate is stimulated by the notochord to form the neural tube.

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14
Q

What are the steps of neuralation?

A

1) The neural plate forms a central longitudinal indentation called the neural groove. Cells on the lateral margin of the neural plate proliferate becoming neural folds. The tops of the neural folds form neural crest cells.
2) Neural folds elevate and approach one another as neural groove continues to deepen. Neural crest cells at highest point of neural groove.
3) Neural crest cells pinch off from neural folds and form other structures.
4) End of third week, neural folds have met and fused at the midline as the neural groove starts to form a neural tubule which has an internal space called a neural canal.

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15
Q

Neuropores

A

openings at both ends of the neural tube.

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16
Q

Cranial neuropore

A

The neuropore that is closes to the head of the developing fetus.

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17
Q

Caudal neuropore

A

Neuropore that is closes the future buttocks of the fetus.

18
Q

Primary brain vesicles

A

The three vesicles that form in the fourth week of development of the brain.

19
Q

Procencephalon- what does it divide into?

A

The forebrain- telencephalon and diencephalon

20
Q

Mesencephalon

A

The midbrain

21
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

The hind brain.- Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

22
Q

What does the telencephalon form?

A

Cerebrum

23
Q

What does the diencephalon form?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

24
Q

What does the mesencephalon form?

A

Midbrain

25
Q

What does the mesencephalon form?

A

Pons and cerebellum

26
Q

What does the myelencephalon form?

A

Medulla Oblongata

27
Q

What does gray matter get its color from?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites of neurons that compose it.

28
Q

What are the areas that are often labeling grey matter regions of the brain?

A

Cortex- superficial of grey matter

Nucleus- clusters of neuron cell bodies within grey matter the are either close to the surface or deep within the brain.

29
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer grey matter of the cerebrum

30
Q

Cerebral nuclei

A

Inner (deep) grey matter of the cerebrum.

31
Q

Brain organization of gray and white matter

A

Gray superficial, white deeper

32
Q

Spinal organization of gray and whit matter

A

White matter superficial, gray matter deep

33
Q

What is the function of grey matter?

A

Integration and processing

34
Q

What does white matter get its color from?

A

Bundles of axon fibers that compose it.

35
Q

What is the general function of white matter?

A

To relay nerve signals.

36
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles of axons within the CNS that share a common origin and destination.

37
Q

Funiculus

A

Bundles of axons ins a specific area of the spinal cord.

38
Q

Peduncle

A

Stalklike structure composed of tracts connecting two regions of the brain.

39
Q

Ganglion

A

Clusters of neuron cells bodies in the PNS.

40
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS.

41
Q

Nerve plexus

A

Network of nerves

42
Q

Pathway

A

Composed of two or more neurons that relay nerve signals between the CNS and body structures.

Biology 227 Lecture (66 decks)

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