Ch. 17.3- Categories of hormones

Question 1

What are the two broad categories of hormones?

Answer 1

Circulating hormone- released into the blood and has wide spread effects
Local hormones- short lived molecules that influence cells within local tissue where they are produced.

Question 2

What are the three types of circulating hormones?

Answer 2

Steroids- use cholesterol
Biogenic Amines- use amino acids
Proteins- used amino acids

Question 3

Steroids

Answer 3

Lipid soluble
Synthesized from cholesterol
These are hormones made in the gonads or adrenal cortex.

Question 4

Biogenic Amines

Answer 4

Also called monoamines
Water soluble- except thyroid hormone (which is lipid soluble and made from two tyrosine amino acids.)
Synthesized from amino acids.
These include catecholamines (epi and norepinephrine) released from the adrenal medulla, thyroid hormone released from the thyroid gland, and melatonin from the pineal gland.

Question 5

Proteins

Answer 5

Water soluble

Made of chains of amino acids and small peptides, large polypeptides, and glycoproteins.

Question 6

Autocrine stimulation

Answer 6

When local signaling hormones bind with the same signal that produces them.

Question 7

Paracrine stimulation

Answer 7

When local hormones bind with neighboring cells from the one they were produced in.

Question 8

Eicosanoids

Answer 8

Primary type of local hormone.
These are prostaglandins, thromboxjnes, and leukotrienes.
Formed from fatty acids which are harvest from the phospholipid molecules of the cell’s membrane.
Synthesized by many cells throughout the body.
These are the means for all tissues to locally regulate cellular responses.

Question 9

Prostaglandins

Answer 9

Most diverse category of Eicosanoids.
These: stimulate the thalamus to raise body temperature and cause fever, inhibit stomach acid secretion, act on mass cells to release molecules that cause inflammation, and stimulate pain receptors.