13.3- Cerebrum

Question 1

Where is the cerebrum?

Answer 1

Two large hemispheres of the superior aspect of brain.

Question 2

What does it do?

Answer 2

All higher level thought, conscious movement, and awareness of senses.

Question 3

Cerebral cortex

Answer 3

Surface layer of gray matter

Question 4

Cerebral nuclei

Answer 4

Deep gray matter

Question 5

What is gray matter for?

Answer 5

Centers of integration and processing.

Question 6

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 6

Narrow deep cleft that separates the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 7

Corpus Callosum

Answer 7

Largest white matter tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.- Main method of communication between hemispheres.

Question 8

Which parts of the body do the cerebral hemispheres control?

Answer 8

The opposite side from the one they are on.

Question 9

Cerebral lateralizations

Answer 9

The functions that are not identical to each other from one side of the brain to the other.

Question 10

How many lobes are the cerebral hemispheres divided into?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

What lobe is note associated with it’s overlying cranial bone?

Answer 11

Insula

Question 12

Precentral gyrus

Answer 12

The mass of tissue just anterior to the central sulcus.

Question 13

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 13

Voluntary motor functions, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, and personality.

Question 14

What is the posterior border of the parietal lobe?

Answer 14

The perieto-occipital sulcus

Question 15

Post central gyrus

Answer 15

Mass of tissue directly posterior to the central sulcus

Question 16

Parietal lobe functions?

Answer 16

Cerebral cortex- general sensory function- shape and texture of objects being touched - sensory input regarding body position from proprioreceptors in the joints.

Question 17

Temporal lobe location and function

Answer 17

Deep to the temporal bone and inferior to the lateral sulcus.
Cerebral cortex- hearing and smell

Question 18

Occipital lobe location and functions

Answer 18

Posterior region of each hemisphere

Processing incoming visual information and storing visual memories.

Question 19

Insula location and function

Answer 19

Small lobe deep to the lateral sulcus. Can be seen by pulling aside the temporal lobe.
Cerebral cortex- memory and the interpretation of taste.

Question 20

Where is the primary motor cortex? Other name for it?

Answer 20

Somatic motor area

Located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 21

What is Broca’s area?

Answer 21

Motor speech area.
Inferolateral postion of the left front lobe
Controls breathing and muscular movement necessary for vocalization.

Question 22

Frontal Eye Field

Answer 22

Frontal lobe
Superior to broca’s area
Controls eye movement necessary for reading.

Question 23

Premotor cortex

Answer 23

Somatic motor association area
Immediately anterior to the precentral gyrus
Coordinating learned skilled motor activities

Question 24

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 24

Found in the post central gyrus
Receive info from skin about touch, pressure, pain, temperature and info from proprioreceptors (body position sensors in the joints)
Conscious of this infor

Question 25

Somatasensory information center

Answer 25

Parietal lobe

Question 26

Primary visual cortex

Answer 26

located in the occipital lobe | Receives and processes visual info.

Question 27

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 27

In the temporal lobe | processing auditory inför

Question 28

Auditory association area

Answer 28

Posteroinferior to the primary auditory cortex Store memories of sound heard in the past (good for tune recognition- maybe even voice recognition?)

Question 29

Function brain region

Answer 29

Multi-association area in multiple areas Used to integrate info from multiple association areas I.E. Prefrontal cortex is one example

Question 30

Wernicke’s area

Answer 30

Function brain region in left hemisphere | Recognizing, understanding, and comprehending spoke n and written language.

Question 31

Central white matter-

Answer 31

Composed of myelinated axons

Question 32

Tracts

Answer 32

bundles of axons in the brain

Question 33

What are short association tracts composed of?

Answer 33

Arcuate fibers | connect neighboring gyri in the same lobe

Question 34

Longitudinal fasciculi

Answer 34

Connect gyri in different lobes of the same hemisphere.

Question 35

Commisural tracts

Answer 35

Extend between the hemispheres via axonal bridges called commissures

Question 36

What are the main commissures?

Answer 36

Corpus collosum | Anterior and posterior commissures.

Question 37

Projection tracts

Answer 37

Link cerebral cortex to inferior regions of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 38

Petalias

Answer 38

shape asymmetries in the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain.

Question 39

Cerebral lateralization

Answer 39

How each hemisphere seems to be specialized for certain tasks.

Question 40

Categrorical hemisphere

Answer 40

Usually left hemisphere Wernicke’s area and motor speech area. Specialized for language abilities Sequential and analytical reasoning tasks.

Question 41

Representational hemisphere

Answer 41

Usually the right hemisphere Visiospacial relationships and analysis Seat of imagination and insight, musical and artistic skills, perception of patterns and spacial relationships. Comparison os sights, sounds, smells, and tastes.

Question 42

Epilepsy

Answer 42

When neurons transmit signals too frequently

Question 43

Cerebral nuclei

Answer 43

Located in the base (deepest) part of the cerebral hemispheres. Paired irregular masses of grey matter buried deep in the white matter. Help regulate motor output initiated by the cerebral cortex

Question 44

Nucleus

Answer 44

Collections of neural cell bodies in the CNS

Question 45

Ganglion

Answer 45

Collections of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS.

Question 46

Caudate nucleus location and function

Answer 46

Bulged head and slender tail Follows lateral ventricles Stimulates arms and legs to move correctly

Question 47

Lentiform nucleus location and function

Answer 47

Triangle mass made of putaman and globus pallidus Positioned between the insula lobe and the lateral wall of the thalamus. Controls skeletal muscular movement at the subconscious level. Excites and inhibits the thalamus to regulate skeletal muscle tone.

Question 48

Claustrum location and function

Answer 48

Thin sliver or grey matter formed by a layer of neurons located immediately internal to the insula. Process visual info at a subconscious level.

Question 49

Amygdaloid body

Answer 49

Expanded region at the tail of the caudate nucleus | Participates in the expression of emotions, control of behavior activity, and development of moods.

Question 50

corpus striatum

Answer 50

Striated white matter of the internal capsule positioned between the grey matter of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.

Question 51

Cerebral palsy

Answer 51

usually the result of damage to an infants brain just prior to, during, or just after birth.

Question 52

What are the three forms of cerebral palsy and what do they do?

Answer 52

Athetoid: slow involuntary writhing hand movements Ataxic: Lack of muscular coordination Spastic: Increased muscular tone. Sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment or speech disorder.

Question 53

Huntington Disease

Answer 53

Autosomal dormant hereditary disease. Affects the cerebral nuclei. Rapid jerky involuntary movements that start unilaterally in the face but progress to all limbs. Progressive intellectual deterioration- personality change, memory loss, irritability. Onset in 30’s to 40’s. Fatal

Question 54

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 54

Slowly progressing neurological disorder that affects movement and balance. Stiff posture, expressionless face, slow voluntary movement, resting tremors, and shuffling gate.