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Biology 227 Lecture > 13.3- Cerebrum > Flashcards

13.3- Cerebrum Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the cerebrum?

A

Two large hemispheres of the superior aspect of brain.

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2
Q

What does it do?

A

All higher level thought, conscious movement, and awareness of senses.

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3
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Surface layer of gray matter

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4
Q

Cerebral nuclei

A

Deep gray matter

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5
Q

What is gray matter for?

A

Centers of integration and processing.

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6
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Narrow deep cleft that separates the cerebral hemispheres.

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7
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Largest white matter tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.- Main method of communication between hemispheres.

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8
Q

Which parts of the body do the cerebral hemispheres control?

A

The opposite side from the one they are on.

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9
Q

Cerebral lateralizations

A

The functions that are not identical to each other from one side of the brain to the other.

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10
Q

How many lobes are the cerebral hemispheres divided into?

A

5

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11
Q

What lobe is note associated with it’s overlying cranial bone?

A

Insula

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12
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

The mass of tissue just anterior to the central sulcus.

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13
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Voluntary motor functions, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning, and personality.

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14
Q

What is the posterior border of the parietal lobe?

A

The perieto-occipital sulcus

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15
Q

Post central gyrus

A

Mass of tissue directly posterior to the central sulcus

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16
Q

Parietal lobe functions?

A

Cerebral cortex- general sensory function- shape and texture of objects being touched - sensory input regarding body position from proprioreceptors in the joints.

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17
Q

Temporal lobe location and function

A

Deep to the temporal bone and inferior to the lateral sulcus.
Cerebral cortex- hearing and smell

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18
Q

Occipital lobe location and functions

A

Posterior region of each hemisphere

Processing incoming visual information and storing visual memories.

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19
Q

Insula location and function

A

Small lobe deep to the lateral sulcus. Can be seen by pulling aside the temporal lobe.
Cerebral cortex- memory and the interpretation of taste.

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20
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex? Other name for it?

A

Somatic motor area

Located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

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21
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Motor speech area.
Inferolateral postion of the left front lobe
Controls breathing and muscular movement necessary for vocalization.

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22
Q

Frontal Eye Field

A

Frontal lobe
Superior to broca’s area
Controls eye movement necessary for reading.

23
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Somatic motor association area
Immediately anterior to the precentral gyrus
Coordinating learned skilled motor activities

24
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Found in the post central gyrus
Receive info from skin about touch, pressure, pain, temperature and info from proprioreceptors (body position sensors in the joints)
Conscious of this infor

25
Q

Somatasensory information center

A

Parietal lobe

26
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

located in the occipital lobe

Receives and processes visual info.

27
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

In the temporal lobe

processing auditory inför

28
Q

Auditory association area

A

Posteroinferior to the primary auditory cortex
Store memories of sound heard in the past
(good for tune recognition- maybe even voice recognition?)

29
Q

Function brain region

A

Multi-association area in multiple areas
Used to integrate info from multiple association areas
I.E. Prefrontal cortex is one example

30
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Function brain region in left hemisphere

Recognizing, understanding, and comprehending spoke n and written language.

31
Q

Central white matter-

A

Composed of myelinated axons

32
Q

Tracts

A

bundles of axons in the brain

33
Q

What are short association tracts composed of?

A

Arcuate fibers

connect neighboring gyri in the same lobe

34
Q

Longitudinal fasciculi

A

Connect gyri in different lobes of the same hemisphere.

35
Q

Commisural tracts

A

Extend between the hemispheres via axonal bridges called commissures

36
Q

What are the main commissures?

A

Corpus collosum

Anterior and posterior commissures.

37
Q

Projection tracts

A

Link cerebral cortex to inferior regions of the brain and spinal cord.

38
Q

Petalias

A

shape asymmetries in the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain.

39
Q

Cerebral lateralization

A

How each hemisphere seems to be specialized for certain tasks.

40
Q

Categrorical hemisphere

A

Usually left hemisphere
Wernicke’s area and motor speech area.
Specialized for language abilities
Sequential and analytical reasoning tasks.

41
Q

Representational hemisphere

A

Usually the right hemisphere
Visiospacial relationships and analysis
Seat of imagination and insight, musical and artistic skills, perception of patterns and spacial relationships.
Comparison os sights, sounds, smells, and tastes.

42
Q

Epilepsy

A

When neurons transmit signals too frequently

43
Q

Cerebral nuclei

A

Located in the base (deepest) part of the cerebral hemispheres.
Paired irregular masses of grey matter buried deep in the white matter.
Help regulate motor output initiated by the cerebral cortex

44
Q

Nucleus

A

Collections of neural cell bodies in the CNS

45
Q

Ganglion

A

Collections of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS.

46
Q

Caudate nucleus location and function

A

Bulged head and slender tail
Follows lateral ventricles
Stimulates arms and legs to move correctly

47
Q

Lentiform nucleus location and function

A

Triangle mass made of putaman and globus pallidus
Positioned between the insula lobe and the lateral wall of the thalamus.
Controls skeletal muscular movement at the subconscious level.
Excites and inhibits the thalamus to regulate skeletal muscle tone.

48
Q

Claustrum location and function

A

Thin sliver or grey matter formed by a layer of neurons located immediately internal to the insula.
Process visual info at a subconscious level.

49
Q

Amygdaloid body

A

Expanded region at the tail of the caudate nucleus

Participates in the expression of emotions, control of behavior activity, and development of moods.

50
Q

corpus striatum

A

Striated white matter of the internal capsule positioned between the grey matter of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.

51
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

usually the result of damage to an infants brain just prior to, during, or just after birth.

52
Q

What are the three forms of cerebral palsy and what do they do?

A

Athetoid: slow involuntary writhing hand movements
Ataxic: Lack of muscular coordination
Spastic: Increased muscular tone. Sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment or speech disorder.

53
Q

Huntington Disease

A

Autosomal dormant hereditary disease. Affects the cerebral nuclei. Rapid jerky involuntary movements that start unilaterally in the face but progress to all limbs. Progressive intellectual deterioration- personality change, memory loss, irritability.
Onset in 30’s to 40’s.
Fatal

54
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Slowly progressing neurological disorder that affects movement and balance.
Stiff posture, expressionless face, slow voluntary movement, resting tremors, and shuffling gate.

Biology 227 Lecture (66 decks)

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