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GENERAL ANESTHETICS Flashcards

1
Q

STAGES OF ANESTHESIA (GUEDEL’S SIGNS)

A

ADSM

Stage 1: Analgesia
Stage 2: Disinhibition
Stage 3. Surgical anesthesia
Stage 4: Medullary depression

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2
Q

Measure of concentration of inhaled anesthetics

A

Partial pressure or “tension”

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3
Q

Best measure of potency of inhaled anesthetics

A

Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration

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4
Q

Inhalation anesthetic that has a characteristic PUNGENT ODOR

A

Desflurane

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5
Q

Inhalation anesthetic that has a characteristic SWEET ODOR

A

Sevoflurane

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6
Q

Inhalation anesthetic contraindicated in asthmatic patients

A

Desflurane

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7
Q

Inhalation anesthetic contraindicated in patients with asthma

A

Desflurane

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8
Q

Inhalation anesthetic preferred in patients with asthma

A

Sevoflurane

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9
Q

Inhalation anesthetic that presents with CORONARY STEAL SYNDROME

A

Isoflurane

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10
Q

Inhalation anesthetic with characteristic spike-and-wave activity in EEG

A

Enflurane

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11
Q

Inhalation anesthetic with the highest propensity to cause HEPATITIS

A

Halothane

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12
Q

Inhalation anesthetic with the highest potency and lowest MAC

A

Methoxyflurane

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13
Q

Inhalation anesthetic for minor surgery and dental procedures

A

Nitric oxide

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14
Q

Inhalation anesthetic with the least potency and lest cardiotoxic effects

A

Nitrous oxide

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15
Q

Laughing gas (euphoria)

A

Nitrous oxide

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16
Q

Inhalation anesthetic are undesirable for patients with increased ICP except:

A

Nitrous oxide

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17
Q

ALL inhaled anesthetics depress normal cardiac contractility > decrease MAP via different mechanisms. Except:

A

Nitrous oxide

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18
Q

ALL inhaled anesthetics have a BRONCHODILATING properties except:

A

DESFLURANE

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19
Q

This condition results from mutation of RYANODINE RECEPTOR of the skeletal muscle that results to uncontrolled release of Ca2+ from SR. Occurs when susceptible individual are exposed to volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine

A

MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA

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20
Q

Most reliable test to establish susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia:

A

Caffeine-Halothane contracture test

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21
Q

Treatment for Malignant hyperthermia:

A

Dantrolene

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22
Q

IV anesthetic used for identification of epileptic foci

A

Barbiturates

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23
Q

IV anesthetic that is a potent vasoconstrictor best for patients with increased ICP

A

Barbiturates

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24
Q

IV anesthetic that causes ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA

A

Barbiturates

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25
Intraarterial injection of this IV anesthetic can lead to gangrene
Barbiturate
26
IV anesthetic that causes HYPERALGESIA
Barbiturates
27
IV anesthetic that causes post-operative respiratory depression (PORD)
Benzodiazepines
28
Used as adjunct to inhalational anesthetics and IV opioid
Midazolam
29
NMDA antagonist used for DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
Ketamine
30
Causes post-op disorientation, hallucination, and excitation
Ketamine
31
Pretreated with anticholinergic since this IV anesthetic causes lacrimation and salivation
Ketamine
32
IV anesthetic used in asthmatic patients
Ketamine
33
IV anesthetic that may be used in patients with limited cardiac or respiratory reserve
Etomidate
34
IV anesthetic that causes ADRENOCORTICAL SUPPRESSION
Etomidate
35
IV anesthetic used as induction agent of choice for unstable patients
Etomidate
36
MOA of opioid
Interact with mu, delta, and kappa receptors for endogenous opioid peptides
37
S/E of OPIOIDS
Respiratory depression
38
Opioid analgesic that has a faster recovery among types
Remifentanil
39
Antidote for opioid overdose
Naloxone Alcohol + Opioid = Naltrexone
40
Happens when FENTANYL, DROPERIDOL, NITROUS OXIDE are given together
Neuroleptanesthesia (analgesia + amnesia)
41
IV anesthetic induction of choice (ICU and outpatient)
Propofol (Milk of Amnesia)
42
IV anesthetic that causes pain at injection site and hypotension at induction
Propofol
43
IV anesthetic that causes PARESTHESIA IN THE PERIANAL REGION
Fosprofolol
44
May causes allergic reaction to asthmatic patients and patients with sulfa allergies
Propofol
45
Alternative general anesthetic maintenance for patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
Propofol
46
Has zero analgesic properties
Propofol
47
Ester local anesthetic with the shortest half-life
Procaine
48
Ester LA that causes METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
Benzocaine
49
Present for TOPICAL use only
Benzocaine Cocaine
50
Used for surgeries involving ENT procedures
Cocaine
51
ALL local anesthetics are vasodilators EXCEPT
Cocaine
52
Causes mood elevation due to its dopamine receptor action
Cocaine
53
Has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (vasoconstriction)
Cocaine
54
LA used for spinal anesthesia
Tetracaine
55
LA that is Class 1B anti-arrhythmic drug, used for post-MI and for digitalis toxicity
LIDOCAINE!!!
56
Limits systemic absorption of Lidocaine:
+ Epinephrine
57
Commonly used in OPHTHALMIC preprations
Proparacaine
58
Amide LA that causes METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
Prilocaine Ester: Benzocaine
59
Use with caution in pregnant patients and patients with cardiac disease because it may cause heart block, arrhythmia, and hypotension
Bupivacaine
60
Most cardiotoxic amide LA
Bupivacaine
61
Used to treat cardiotoxicity of Bupivacaine
Intralipid/Liposomal forms
62
S(-) enantiomer of Bupivacaine > less cardiotoxic
Ropivacaine
63
Amide LA with the longest half-life
Ropivacaine

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