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Pharma > ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine agonist > inhibiting prolactin

A

Bromocriptine
Pergolide
Cabergoline
Quinagolide

*category B!

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2
Q

Rare disorder seen in px taking Bromocriptine characterized by burning pain and warmth and redness of the extremities

A

Erythromelalgia

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3
Q

Activates oxytocin receptors > stimulates uterine contraction and labor, milk let down

A

Oxytocin
Demoxytocin

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4
Q

Agonist of peripheral oxytocin receptors

A

Carbetocin

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5
Q

Oxytocin-receptor blocker not yet FDA approved due to increase incidence of infant death rates

A

Atosiban

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6
Q

Selective for V2 receptors
1. Causes insertion of water channels in the CD > water reabsorption
2. Act on extra-renal V2 receptors to increase factor VIII and vWF

A

ADH agonist

DVT

Desmopressin
Vasopressin

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7
Q

ADH agonist is used in:

A

Central diabetes insipidus

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8
Q

Antagonist at V1 and V2 receptors > increases renal excretion of water

A

ADH antagonist

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan
Lixivaptan

Tol and Lixi: more selective to V2

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9
Q

ADH antagonist drugs are used in what condition?

A

SIADH

May SIADH si Coni :<

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10
Q

2 types of Diabetes Insipidus

A
  1. Central DI: deficient secretion of ADH
  2. Nephrogenic DI: end-organ resistance to ADH effects
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11
Q

GH agonist that increases release of IGF-1 in the liver and cartilage

A

Somatropin

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12
Q

Recombinant IGF-1

A

Mecasermin

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13
Q

Blood glucose level in GH agonists:

A
  1. Somatropin: HYPERglycemia
  2. Mecasermin: HYPOglycemia
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14
Q

Somatostatin analogs

A

Octreotide
Lantreotide

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15
Q

Supresses the release of GH, glucagon, insulin, IGF-1, serotonin, and GIP

A

Somatostatin (octreotide, lanreotide)

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16
Q

GH receptor antagonist

A

Pegvisomant

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17
Q

Activates FSH receptors > mimics effects of endogenous FSH

A

FSH analogs

FOLLItropin
Menotopins
UtoFOLLItropins
FOLLItropin beta

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18
Q

Activates LH receptors > mimics effects of endogenous LH

A

LH agonists

Choriogonadotropin alfa - recombinant hCG
Lutropin alfa - recombinant LH
Menotropins - mixture of FSH and LH from postmenopausal women
hCG

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19
Q

GNRH agonists

A

Leu + -relins

Leuprolide
Gonadorelin
Goserelin
Histrelin
Nafarelin
Triptorelin

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20
Q

Administrations of GnRH agonists

A
  1. Intermittent: increase LH and FSH secretion
  2. Prolonged continuous administration: reduced LH and FSH secretion
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21
Q

GnRH antagonists

A

Ganirelix
Cetrorelix
Abarelex
Degarelix

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22
Q

GnRH inhibitor used for prostate cancer

A

Degarelix

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23
Q

GnRH used to prevent LH surge in controlled ovulation

A

Ganirelix

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24
Q

Hyperthyroidism drug preferred during 1st trimester

A

PTU

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25
Q

Mainstay treatment for postpartum hyperthyroidism

A

Methimazole

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26
Q

Blocks uptake of iodide by the gland through competitive inhibition of the iodide transport mechanism

A

Perchlorate
Petechnetate
Thiocyanate

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27
Q

Methimazole is preferred over PTU except in what conditions:

A
  1. 1st trimester pregnancy
  2. Thyroid storm
  3. Methimazole sensitivity/allergy
28
Q

S/E seen in both PTU and Methimazole

A

Agranulocytosis

29
Q

Causes APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA if given during 1st trimester

A

Methimaxole

30
Q

Emits beta rays causing destruction of thyroid parenchyma

A

Radioactive iodine

31
Q

Permanent side effect of RAI

A

Hypothyroidism

32
Q

Radiation exposure of thyroid gland may cause

A

Papillary thyroid Ca

33
Q

Permanent cure of thyrotoxicosis without surgery

34
Q

Contraindications of RAI

A

Pregnant
Breastfeeding

35
Q

Inhibits thyroglobulin proteolysis. Used as preparation for surgical thyroidectomy to reduce size and vascularity of thyroid gland

A

Iodine
Potassium iodine
Lugol’s solution
Potassium iodide saturated solution

36
Q

Block beta receptors, slows pacemaker activity, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

Propanolol

37
Q

Activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis

A

Levothyroxine
Levothyronine
Liotrix

38
Q

Prototype glucocorticoid

A

Hydrocortisone

39
Q

Glucocorticoid with the highest anti-inflammatory potency

A

Betamethasone

40
Q

Glucocorticoid with the highest self-retaining potency

A

Fludrocortisone

41
Q

Behavioral changes secondary to steroid use

A

Steroid rage

42
Q

Desmolase inhibitor blocking the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

A

Amino-glutethimide

43
Q

Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor abused by body builders to lower circulating levels of cortisol in the body and prevent muscle loss

A

Anti-glutethimide

44
Q

Inhibits cholesterol side-chain cleavage, cytochrome P450 enzymes

A

Ketoconazole

45
Q

Alternative to Ketoconazole

A

Itraconazole

46
Q

Selective inhibitor of steroid 11-hydroxylation

A

11-B hydroxylase inhibitor

Metyrapone

47
Q

Drug of choice for pregnant patients with Cushing’s syndrome

A

Metyrapone

48
Q

Used for diagnostic testing for adrenal function

A

Metyrapone

49
Q

Competitive inhibitor at GC receptor and progesterone receptor

A

Mifepristone

50
Q

Approved abortifacient for medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

51
Q

Aldosterone precursor

A

Deoxycorticosterone

52
Q

Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma in daughters of mothers who took this drug

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

53
Q

Progestin used as an appetite stimulant

54
Q

A synthetic steroid with weak estrogenic, progestognenic, and androgenic activity, and hence is an agonist of the estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptor. It is primarily used in menopausal hormone therapy, post-menopausal osteoporosis and endometriosis

55
Q

Activates estrogen and progesterone receptors, inhibits ovulation, effects on cervical mucus gland, uterine tubes, and endometrium lead to decreased fertility

A

Combined oral contraceptive

56
Q

Activates progesterone receptors > prevents conception by altering cervical mucus and creating a hostile endometrium

A

Medroxy-progesterone acetate

57
Q

Used as emergency contraception / post-coital contraceptive

A

Levonorgestrel
Ethinyl estradiol + levonorgestrel

58
Q

Full estrogen receptor antagonist for hormone receptor positive metastatic breast Ca resistant to Tamoxifen

A

Fluvestrant

59
Q

Estrogen antagonist that increases bone mineral density and is preferred in patient with history of breast cancer in the management of hot flushes

A

Raloxifene

60
Q

Partial agonist of estrogen receptors in pituitary

A

Clomiphene

Acts as an antagonist to estrogen receptors in the pituitary > inhibit negative feedback mechanism by estrogen > leads to pituitart stimulation causing increase LH and FSH

61
Q

Reduces estrogen synthesis by inhibiting aromatase thich converts testosterone to estrogen. Used in breast cancers resistant to Tamoxifen

A

Aromatase inhibitor

ALE

A - anastrozole
L - letrozole
E - exemestane (irreversible inhibitor)

62
Q

Weak cytochrome P450 inhibitor and partial agonist of progestin and androgen receptors

63
Q

This type of drugs causes temporary exacerbation of precocious puberty or prostate cancer, apoplexy, and blindness during the irst few weeks of therapy therefore should be co-administered with Flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonists

A

GNRH agonists

Lueprolide and -relins

64
Q

Pharmacologic antagonist of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors

A

Mifepristone

65
Q

Androgen receptor antagonist used in prostate cancer and for surgical castration

A

Flutamide, Bicalutamide, and Nilutamide

Nilutamide (surgical castration)

66
Q

Inhibits 5a-reductase that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, used in BPH and male pattern baldness

A

5a-reductase inhibitor
1. Finasteride
2. Dutasteride

Pharma (31 decks)

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