DRUGS IN DIABETES Flashcards
1st generation Sulfonylureas
CTT -ides
Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide
Tolazamide
1st generation SU which are highly protein bound drugs which enhances hypoglycemic effects > high propensity to cause hypoglycemia
Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
2nd generation SU
GGGGG -ide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
Glyburide
Glibenclamide
Glicazide
2nd generation SU that causes cholestatic jaundice
Glibenclamide
Meglitinides
-glinide
Meglitinide
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide
Has the lowest risk of developing hypoglycemia since they have short DOA
Meglitinides
Used in patients with sulfa allergies
Meglitinides
S/e includes UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
Meglitinides
Has the least incidence of hypoglycemia and may be used in CKD patients
Nateglinide
DOC for obese patients
Metformin
Most common side effect of biguanides
GI disturbances
Worse side effect of biguanides
Lactic acidosis
Insulin-sparing effect
Biguanides (Metformin)
Increase target tissue sensitivity to insulin by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma nuclear receptor (PPAR-gamma receptor)
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
Troglitazone
Causes dyslipidemia (⬆️ HDL & LDL, ⬇️ TG)
THIAZOLIDINEDIONE
Thiazolidinedione with cardiovascular events (MI)
Rosiglitazone
Thiazolidinedione that causes hepatotoxicity
Troglitazone
May increase risk for developing BLADDER CANCER
Thiazolidinedione - Pioglitazone
Inhibits intestinal a-glucosidases
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose
Miglitol
Voglibose
S/e: gastrointestinal disturbance (flatulence)
Activates amylin receptors, has an anoretic effect (stimulates CNS to reduce appetite)
Amylin analog
Pramlintide
Used also in T1DM
Activates GLP-1 rceptors > reduction of post-meal glucose excursions
GLP-1 agonist
Exenatide
Liraglutide
Possible THYROID CARCINOMA risk
Liraglutide
Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4)
DPP-4 inhibitors
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin
Na-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
Empagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
Canagliflozin
S/e of SGLT2 inhibitors
UTI
Bile acid sequestrant
Colesevelam