CVS DRUGS Flashcards
MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide
Inhibit Na/Cl transporter in DCT
MOA of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid)
Inhibit Na/K/Cl transporter in thick ALOH
Metabolic derangement with TZD diuretics
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic side effects of TZD
HYPER G-L-U-C
HyperGlycemia
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia
TZD that crosses the placenta and may cause hypoK, hypoNa, hypoglycemia, jaundice, and thrombocytopenia
Metolazone
Side effects of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid)
OH DANG!
O - ototoxicity H - hypokalemia D - dehydration A - allergy to Sulfa N - nephritis G - gout
Type of loop diuretics that is NOT sulfur-derivative, hence may be given to patients with sulfur allergy
Ethacyrinic acid
Also known as the high ceiling diuretics
Loop diuretics
Alpha-2 agonist that causes REBOUND HYPERTENSION
CLONIDINE
REBOUND - 🤡idine
Taper before discontinuing
Alpha-2 agonist hypertensive safe for pregnancy that causes hemolytic anemia and a positive coomb’s test
Methyldopa
T or F. Beta-blockers may be given during ACUTE HEART FAILURE
FALSE!!!!
Only in CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
First dose phenomenon or orthostatic hypotension is seen in
PRAZOSIN
MOA of HYDRALAZINE
Alters intracellular Ca metabolism
Vasodilate arterioles = decrease in AFTERLOAD
Psychiatric side effects seen in Hydralazine use
Depression and suicidal ideation
Drug-induced lupus
H&M
Hydralizine
Minoxidil
MOA of MINOXIDIL
Open K+ channels > hyperpolarization > smooth muscle relaxation = vasodilation
Minoxidil is also used in
Alopecia
S/e: Hirsutism
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs
VD
V- Verapamil
D - Diltiazem
T or F. Non-dihydropyridine CCBs are more cardioselective.
TRUE!!! (Cardiac > Vascular)
Non-dihydropyridine (Verapamil & Diltiazem) used in
SVT!!! Supraventricular tachycardia (cardioselective)
Non-dihydropyridine that can causes GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
Verapamil
V looks like a mouth :>
CCB: Amlodipine
Oral vasodilators
H&M
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Parenteral vasodilators
NF (Not food-oral)
N- Nitroprusside
F - Fenoldopam
MOA of NITROPRUSSIDE
Increases NO > increase in cGMP > smooth muscle relaxation
Most effective vasodilator?
NITROPRUSSIDE!
Parenteral vasodilator that is a D1 receptor agonist
FenolDepam
MOA of Fenoldepam
Causes arteriolar vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles > INCREASE RENAL BLOOD FLOW
NOT used d/t it short T1/2 (10 mins)
Contraindicated in patients with BILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
ACE inhibitors
T or F. ARBS causes less cough and angioedema than ACEi
TRUE
1.6-6.6% of patients may experience cough as well
Has lower rates of cough and angioedema but has higher rates of hypotension
Hypertensives contraindicated in pregnancy
ARBS and ACEi
ACEi - category D (unsafe to both humans and animals)
Oral hypertensives in pregnant patients
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine
