CVS DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Inhibit Na/Cl transporter in DCT

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2
Q

MOA of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid)

A

Inhibit Na/K/Cl transporter in thick ALOH

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3
Q

Metabolic derangement with TZD diuretics

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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4
Q

Metabolic side effects of TZD

A

HYPER G-L-U-C

HyperGlycemia
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia

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5
Q

TZD that crosses the placenta and may cause hypoK, hypoNa, hypoglycemia, jaundice, and thrombocytopenia

A

Metolazone

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6
Q

Side effects of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid)

A

OH DANG!

O - ototoxicity
H - hypokalemia
D - dehydration
A - allergy to Sulfa
N - nephritis
G - gout
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7
Q

Type of loop diuretics that is NOT sulfur-derivative, hence may be given to patients with sulfur allergy

A

Ethacyrinic acid

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8
Q

Also known as the high ceiling diuretics

A

Loop diuretics

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9
Q

Alpha-2 agonist that causes REBOUND HYPERTENSION

A

CLONIDINE

REBOUND - 🤡idine

Taper before discontinuing

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10
Q

Alpha-2 agonist hypertensive safe for pregnancy that causes hemolytic anemia and a positive coomb’s test

A

Methyldopa

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11
Q

T or F. Beta-blockers may be given during ACUTE HEART FAILURE

A

FALSE!!!!

Only in CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

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12
Q

First dose phenomenon or orthostatic hypotension is seen in

A

PRAZOSIN

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13
Q

MOA of HYDRALAZINE

A

Alters intracellular Ca metabolism

Vasodilate arterioles = decrease in AFTERLOAD

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14
Q

Psychiatric side effects seen in Hydralazine use

A

Depression and suicidal ideation

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15
Q

Drug-induced lupus

A

H&M

Hydralizine
Minoxidil

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16
Q

MOA of MINOXIDIL

A

Open K+ channels > hyperpolarization > smooth muscle relaxation = vasodilation

17
Q

Minoxidil is also used in

A

Alopecia

S/e: Hirsutism

18
Q

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs

A

VD

V- Verapamil
D - Diltiazem

19
Q

T or F. Non-dihydropyridine CCBs are more cardioselective.

A

TRUE!!! (Cardiac > Vascular)

20
Q

Non-dihydropyridine (Verapamil & Diltiazem) used in

A

SVT!!! Supraventricular tachycardia (cardioselective)

21
Q

Non-dihydropyridine that can causes GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

A

Verapamil

V looks like a mouth :>

CCB: Amlodipine

22
Q

Oral vasodilators

A

H&M

Hydralazine
Minoxidil

23
Q

Parenteral vasodilators

A

NF (Not food-oral)

N- Nitroprusside
F - Fenoldopam

24
Q

MOA of NITROPRUSSIDE

A

Increases NO > increase in cGMP > smooth muscle relaxation

25
Most effective vasodilator?
NITROPRUSSIDE!
26
Parenteral vasodilator that is a D1 receptor agonist
FenolDepam
27
MOA of Fenoldepam
Causes arteriolar vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles > INCREASE RENAL BLOOD FLOW NOT used d/t it short T1/2 (10 mins)
28
Contraindicated in patients with BILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
ACE inhibitors
29
T or F. ARBS causes less cough and angioedema than ACEi
TRUE 1.6-6.6% of patients may experience cough as well Has lower rates of cough and angioedema but has higher rates of hypotension
30
Hypertensives contraindicated in pregnancy
ARBS and ACEi ACEi - category D (unsafe to both humans and animals)
31
Oral hypertensives in pregnant patients
Methyldopa Labetalol Nifedipine Hydralazine