CVS DRUGS

Question 1

MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 1

Inhibit Na/Cl transporter in DCT

Question 2

MOA of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid)

Answer 2

Inhibit Na/K/Cl transporter in thick ALOH

Question 3

Metabolic derangement with TZD diuretics

Answer 3

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

Metabolic side effects of TZD

Answer 4

HYPER G-L-U-C

HyperGlycemia
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia

Question 5

TZD that crosses the placenta and may cause hypoK, hypoNa, hypoglycemia, jaundice, and thrombocytopenia

Answer 5

Metolazone

Question 6

Side effects of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid)

Answer 6

OH DANG!

O - ototoxicity
H - hypokalemia
D - dehydration
A - allergy to Sulfa
N - nephritis
G - gout

Question 7

Type of loop diuretics that is NOT sulfur-derivative, hence may be given to patients with sulfur allergy

Answer 7

Ethacyrinic acid

Question 8

Also known as the high ceiling diuretics

Answer 8

Loop diuretics

Question 9

Alpha-2 agonist that causes REBOUND HYPERTENSION

Answer 9

CLONIDINE

REBOUND - 🤡idine

Taper before discontinuing

Question 10

Alpha-2 agonist hypertensive safe for pregnancy that causes hemolytic anemia and a positive coomb’s test

Answer 10

Methyldopa

Question 11

T or F. Beta-blockers may be given during ACUTE HEART FAILURE

Answer 11

FALSE!!!!

Only in CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Question 12

First dose phenomenon or orthostatic hypotension is seen in

Answer 12

PRAZOSIN

Question 13

MOA of HYDRALAZINE

Answer 13

Alters intracellular Ca metabolism

Vasodilate arterioles = decrease in AFTERLOAD

Question 14

Psychiatric side effects seen in Hydralazine use

Answer 14

Depression and suicidal ideation

Question 15

Drug-induced lupus

Answer 15

H&M

Hydralizine
Minoxidil

Question 16

MOA of MINOXIDIL

Answer 16

Open K+ channels > hyperpolarization > smooth muscle relaxation = vasodilation

Question 17

Minoxidil is also used in

Answer 17

Alopecia

S/e: Hirsutism

Question 18

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs

Answer 18

VD

V- Verapamil
D - Diltiazem

Question 19

T or F. Non-dihydropyridine CCBs are more cardioselective.

Answer 19

TRUE!!! (Cardiac > Vascular)

Question 20

Non-dihydropyridine (Verapamil & Diltiazem) used in

Answer 20

SVT!!! Supraventricular tachycardia (cardioselective)

Question 21

Non-dihydropyridine that can causes GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

Answer 21

Verapamil

V looks like a mouth :>

CCB: Amlodipine

Question 22

Oral vasodilators

Answer 22

H&M

Hydralazine
Minoxidil

Question 23

Parenteral vasodilators

Answer 23

NF (Not food-oral)

N- Nitroprusside
F - Fenoldopam

Question 24

MOA of NITROPRUSSIDE

Answer 24

Increases NO > increase in cGMP > smooth muscle relaxation

Question 25

Most effective vasodilator?

Answer 25

NITROPRUSSIDE!

Question 26

Parenteral vasodilator that is a D1 receptor agonist

Answer 26

FenolDepam

Question 27

MOA of Fenoldepam

Answer 27

Causes arteriolar vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles > INCREASE RENAL BLOOD FLOW

NOT used d/t it short T1/2 (10 mins)

Question 28

Contraindicated in patients with BILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS

Answer 28

ACE inhibitors

Question 29

T or F. ARBS causes less cough and angioedema than ACEi

Answer 29

TRUE

1.6-6.6% of patients may experience cough as well
Has lower rates of cough and angioedema but has higher rates of hypotension

Question 30

Hypertensives contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 30

ARBS and ACEi

ACEi - category D (unsafe to both humans and animals)

Question 31

Oral hypertensives in pregnant patients

Answer 31

Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine