ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS Flashcards
Anti-malarial drug:
Prevents polymerization of heme into hemozoin
Chloroquine
S/e seen in Chloroquine
Retinal damage and auditory impairment
May precipitate porphyria
Anti-malaria: Complexes with DNA to prevent strand separation
Quinine
Quinidine
S/e seen in Quinine, Quinidine
Blackwater fever
Cinchonism
DOC for malaria in pregnant patients
Quinine
Quinidine
Used in Chloroquine-resistant areas
Mefloquine
Anti-malarial that forms electron-transferring redox compounds that act as cellular oxidants. Eradicates hypnozoites in the liver, preventing malarial relapse (Radical cure of P. vivax and P. ovale)
Primaquine
Treatment and prophylaxis of all stages of Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum
Atovaquone-proguanil
Sporonticides
Proguanil
Pyrimethamine
Anti-malarial agent that impairs progeny of malarial apicoplast genes > abnormal cell division. Used as chemoprophylaxis in multidrug-resistant malaria.
Doxycycline
DOC for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Philippines
Arthemeter-Lumefantrine (Co-artem)
Current first-line malaria treatment recommended by WHO for children, adults, and pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimester
Artemisinin-based combination therapy
DOC for asymptomatic cyst carriers of E. histolytica
Diloxanide furoate
Used in combination with Metronidazole in mild to severe intestinal amebiasis
Iodoquinol
Luminal amebicide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 16S ribosomal subunit
Paromomycin
Tissue amebicide that causes reactive reduction by ferredoxin forming free radicals that disrupt ETC
Metronidazole
DOC for cryptosporidiosis and in Metronidazole-resistant amebiasis
Nitazoxanide
Tissue amebicides inhibit protein synthesis by blocking ribosomal movement along messenger RNA
Emetine
DOC for the treatment of P. jiroveci pneumocytosis. Used as prophylaxis for Toxoplasmosis and Isosporiasis
Co-trimoxazole
DOC for Toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine
Drug for trypanosomiasis that inhibits glycolysis or interferes with nucleic acid metabolism
Pentamidine
Suramin
GLYCOLYSIS
Suramin - sugar
Pentamidine - pentose
Drug for trypanosomiasis that acts as a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase
Eflornithine
Can pass the BBB - effort si Eflort
Inhibits enzyme sulfhydryl groups in trypanosomes
Melarsoprol
DOC for Leishmania that inhibits trypanothione reductase
Nifurtimox
Antihelminthic drug that increases membrane permeability to calcium causing paralysis
Praziquantel
Qualcium
DOC for trematodes and cestodes
Praziquantel
Antihelminthic drug contraindicated in ocular cysticercosis
Praziquantel
Antihelminthic drug that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation or by activating ATPases
Niclosamide
Alternative drug for Cestodes
NiClosamide
MOA of anti-nematodes
Microtubule inhibitors
DOC for Hydatid cyste, ascariasis, hookworm, whipworm, CVLM, cysticercosis, Angiostrongylus, and Capillariasis
Albendazole
DOC for cysticercosis
Albendazole
Improved penetration of subarachnoid space than Praziquantel in neurocysticercosis
DOC for whipworm infections
Mebendazole
Me BEND for the whip AYYYYoops
DOC for Trichinosis
Thiabendazole
DOC for filariasis and eye worm disease
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Exhibits Mazzotti reaction when used for Onchocerciasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
DOC for strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis
Ivermectin
S/e: mazzotti reaction, corneal opacities
DOC for pinworm infections
Pyrantel pamoate
Stimulate nicotinic receptors