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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms of Penicillin resistance

A
  1. Beta-lactamases
  2. Structural changes of BPB (PEM)
  3. Porins
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2
Q

DOC for Syphilis

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

This drug inhibitits Penicillin renal tubular secretion, hence prolonging the effect of Penicillin

A

Probenecid

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4
Q

Anti-staphyloccocal penicillins

A

CMON

C - Cloxacillin
M - Methicillin
O - Oxacillin
N - Nafcillin

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5
Q

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin that causes INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

A

Methicillin

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6
Q

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin that causes NEUTROPENIA

A

N-N

Nafcillin

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7
Q

Structure added to Penicillin to become Anti-staphylococcal penicillin

A

Isoxazolyl

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8
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins / Aminopenicillins

A

Am for amino

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

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9
Q

Side effect of Aminopenicillins/Extended spectrum penicillins

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (ampicillin)

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10
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

PTC

P - Piperacillin
T - Ticacillin
C - Carbenicillin

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11
Q

1st generation CEPHALOSPORINS

A

CEPH + DROX + ZOL

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil

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12
Q

1st generation Cephalosporin used as surgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin

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13
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS

A

Starts with CEF, does not end with -ONE and -IME, + Lora and Cefuroxime

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14
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS coverage

A

Gram positive + HEN

H - Haemophilus
E - Enterobacter
N - Neisseria

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15
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS which exhibit DISULFIRAM REACTION

A

Alcoholic MAN and TETA

CefaMANdole
CefoTETAn

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16
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS that has good activity with BACTEROIDES in abdominal and pelvic infections

A

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

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17
Q

3rd generation CEPHALOSPORINS

A

All starts with CEF and ends with -ONE and -IME + Moxi, Dinir, Diroten, Buten

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18
Q

3rd generation CEPHALOSPORINS that exhibits disulfiram reaction

A

CefoPERAzone

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19
Q

DOC for GONORRHEA

A

Cetriaxone
Cefixime

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20
Q

All 3rd generation Cephalosporin are excreted renally except:

A

PERA and TRI

Cefoperazone
Ceftriaxone

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21
Q

All 3rd generation Cephalosporin penetrate BBB except:

A

PERA and FIX

Cefoperazone
Cefixime

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22
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin that has a very good CNS penetration

A

Ceftriaxone

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23
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin has very good action on Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

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24
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin most active against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae

A

TRI and Taxi

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime

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25
Q

4th generation Cephalosporin

A

CEFEPI + Caroline

Cefepime
Cefpirome
Ceftaroline

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26
Q

4th/5th generation Cephalosporin used in MRSA

A

Ceftaroline

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27
Q

Novel cephalosporin usually combined with TAZOBACTAM used in the treatment of COMPLICATED UTI and intraabdominal infections

A

Ceftolozane

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28
Q

Novel siderophore cephalosporin that binds to iron. Used in multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacteria. Warning for higher mortality

A

Cefiderocol - Siderophore

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29
Q

Considered as silver bullet against Pseudomonas. No activity against gram + and anareobes

A

Monobactams (AZTREONAM)

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30
Q

Inhibits renal dihydropeptidase metabolism of Imipinem hence given together

A

Cilastatin (IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN)

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31
Q

ALL Carbapenems are active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter except:

A

ERTAPENEM

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32
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

TCS

T - Tazobactam
C - Clavulanic acid
S - Sulbactam

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33
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ala D-ala terminus

A

Vancomycin

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34
Q

Cuases RED MAN SYNDROME

A

Vancomycin

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35
Q

Mechanism of resistance of VRSA and VRE

A

D-ala D-lactate formation

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36
Q

Glycopeptide that has a very long T1/2 which permits once-weekly dosing and is more active than Vancomycin

A

Dalbavancin

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37
Q

Interferes with the laTe stage in cell wall synthesis in gram posiTive organisms, nephroToxic, and for Topical use only

A

BaciTracin

38
Q

Blocks INCORPORATION of D-ala

A

Cycloserine

39
Q

Used as second-line agent in TB

A

Cycloserine

40
Q

A cell wall synthesis inhibitor that causes depolarization and rapid cell death

A

Daptomycin

41
Q

A cell wall synthesis inhibitor that is more rapidly bactericidal than Vancomycin

A

Daptomycin

42
Q

A cell wall synthesis inhibitor inactivated by pulmonary surfactant hence cannot be used in Pneumonia

A

Daptomycin

43
Q

A cell wall synthesis inhibitor which is a cationic detergent

A

Polymycin B

44
Q

A cell wall synthesis inhibitor used for salvage therapy of Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas

A

Polymyxin B

45
Q

Blocks attachment of tRNA to acceptor site

A

Tetracylcine

46
Q

Tetracycline used in SIADH

A

Demeclocycline

47
Q

Teratogenic effect of Tetracylcine

A

Tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration

48
Q

Broad spectrum tetracycline with the longest T1/2

A

Tigecycline

49
Q

Causes GRAY BABY SYNDROME

A

Chlorampenicol

50
Q

Resistance of this drug is due to formation of acetyltransferase that inactivates drug

A

Chlorampenicol

51
Q

Idiosyncratic reaction seen in Chlorampenicol

A

Aplastic anemia

52
Q

Chlorampenicol is bacteriostatic but bactericidal to which organisms:

A

HNBS

H - Haemophilus
N - Neisseria
B - Bacteroides
S - S. pneumoniae

53
Q

ALL Macrolides inhibit CYP450 except:

A

AZITHROMYCIN

Neither an inhibitor nor an inducer

54
Q

Macrolide that has the highest Vd and slowest elimination (4 day T1/2)

A

Azithromycin

55
Q

Used for macroline-resistance

A

Telithromycin

56
Q

Side effect includes C. difficile overgrowth > Pseudomembranous colitis)

A

Lincosamides

Clindamycin
Lincomycin

ABOVE diaphragm

57
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors that binds to the 23S rRna of 50S subunit

A

Oxazolidinone

Linezolid
Tedizolin

58
Q

Treatment for MRSA, VRSA, and VRE

A

Oxazolidinone

Linezolid
Tedizolid

59
Q

Causes Arthralgia-myalgia syndrome

A

Streptogrammins (Quinupristin-Dalfopristin)

60
Q

Uses of Gentamycin and Tobramycin

A

Aerobic gram (-) bacteria infections
Endocarditis
Ocular infections

61
Q

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides

A

GT

Gentamicin
Tobramycin

62
Q

Aminoglycoside used in MDR TB (used as 2nd line), has the LOWEST resistance but NARROWEST therapeutic window

63
Q

Aminoglycoside used in TB, Tularemia, Bubonic plague, Brucellosis, and enterococcal endocarditis

A

Streptomycin

64
Q

Aminoglycoside considered as teratogen because it causes CONGENITAL DEAFNESS

A

Streptomycin

65
Q

Aminoglycosides used for bowel preparation for elective surgery to decrease aerobic flora

A

KPN

K - Kanamycin
P - Paromomycin
N - Neomycin

66
Q

Used for treatment of Visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

67
Q

Most ototoxic aminoglycoside

68
Q

Aminogylcoside used for DRUG-RESISTANT GONORRHEA

A

Spectinomycin

Spectates heheehz

69
Q

Most nephrotoxic aminoglycosides

A

GNT

G - Gentamicin
N - Neomycin
T - Tobramycin

70
Q

Vestibulotoxic aminoglycosides

A

SG

Streptomycin
Gentamicin

71
Q

Ototoxic aminoglycosides

A

NAK (you can’t hear the NAK-NAK)

N -Neomycin
A - Amikacin
K - Kanamycin

72
Q

Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase

A

Sulfonamides

73
Q

Selective ihibitor of dihydropteroate reductase

A

Trimethoprim

74
Q

MOA: Sequential blockade of folate synthesis

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

75
Q

Used to treat P. jiroveci pneumonia

A

Co-Trimoxazole

76
Q

Used in burn infections

A

Silver sulfadiazine
Mafenide acetate

77
Q

DOC for Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine

78
Q

Sulfa drugs are contraindicated in patients with what biochemical disorder?

A

G6PD deficiency

79
Q

Quinolone interfere with gram (-) organism’s DNA synthesis by inhibiting:

A

Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

80
Q

Quinolone interfere with gram (+) organism’s DNA synthesis by inhibiting:

A

Topoisomerase IV

81
Q

May damage growing cartilage and cause arthropathy (tendonitis and tendon rupture)

A

Quinolones

82
Q

2nd generation quinolone that is most active against gram (-) organisms esp Pseudomonas

A

Ciprofloxacin

83
Q

2nd generation quinolone that does not achieve adequate plasma levels for use in systemic infections

A

Norfloxacin

NOOOOrfloxacin

84
Q

Withdrawn 3rd generation quinolones

85
Q

3rd generation quinolone that is unique for its hepatic clearance

A

Moxifloxacin

86
Q

3rd generation quinolone used for C. trachomatis infection

A

Ofloxacilin

87
Q

Newest members of 3rd generation quinolone and have the broadest spectrum of activity against anaerobes and atypical agents

A

Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin

88
Q

3rd generation quinolone used in CAP caused by ATYPICALs

A

Levofloxacin

89
Q

MOA: Reactive reduction by ferredoxin forming free radicals that disrupts ETC

A

Nitroimidazole (Anti-protozoal)

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Secnidazole

90
Q

DOC for Amoebiasis, giardiasis, and Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Secnidazole

91
Q

Used in uncomplicated UTI except those caused by Proteus and Pseudomonas

A

Nitrofurantoin

Not for PP

92
Q

Inhibits Staphylococca isoleucyl tRNA synthetase

Pharma (31 decks)

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