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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms of Penicillin resistance

A
  1. Beta-lactamases
  2. Structural changes of BPB (PEM)
  3. Porins
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2
Q

DOC for Syphilis

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

This drug inhibitits Penicillin renal tubular secretion, hence prolonging the effect of Penicillin

A

Probenecid

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4
Q

Anti-staphyloccocal penicillins

A

CMON

C - Cloxacillin
M - Methicillin
O - Oxacillin
N - Nafcillin

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5
Q

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin that causes INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

A

Methicillin

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6
Q

Anti-staphylococcal penicillin that causes NEUTROPENIA

A

N-N

Nafcillin

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7
Q

Structure added to Penicillin to become Anti-staphylococcal penicillin

A

Isoxazolyl

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8
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins / Aminopenicillins

A

Am for amino

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

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9
Q

Side effect of Aminopenicillins/Extended spectrum penicillins

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (ampicillin)

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10
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

PTC

P - Piperacillin
T - Ticacillin
C - Carbenicillin

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11
Q

1st generation CEPHALOSPORINS

A

CEPH + DROX + ZOL

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil

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12
Q

1st generation Cephalosporin used as surgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin

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13
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS

A

Starts with CEF, does not end with -ONE and -IME, + Lora and Cefuroxime

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14
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS coverage

A

Gram positive + HEN

H - Haemophilus
E - Enterobacter
N - Neisseria

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15
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS which exhibit DISULFIRAM REACTION

A

Alcoholic MAN and TETA

CefaMANdole
CefoTETAn

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16
Q

2nd generation CEPHALOSPORINS that has good activity with BACTEROIDES in abdominal and pelvic infections

A

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

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17
Q

3rd generation CEPHALOSPORINS

A

All starts with CEF and ends with -ONE and -IME + Moxi, Dinir, Diroten, Buten

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18
Q

3rd generation CEPHALOSPORINS that exhibits disulfiram reaction

A

CefoPERAzone

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19
Q

DOC for GONORRHEA

A

Cetriaxone
Cefixime

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20
Q

All 3rd generation Cephalosporin are excreted renally except:

A

PERA and TRI

Cefoperazone
Ceftriaxone

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21
Q

All 3rd generation Cephalosporin penetrate BBB except:

A

PERA and FIX

Cefoperazone
Cefixime

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22
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin that has a very good CNS penetration

A

Ceftriaxone

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23
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin has very good action on Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

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24
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin most active against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae

A

TRI and Taxi

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime

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25
4th generation Cephalosporin
CEFEPI + Caroline Cefepime Cefpirome Ceftaroline
26
4th/5th generation Cephalosporin used in MRSA
Ceftaroline
27
Novel cephalosporin usually combined with TAZOBACTAM used in the treatment of COMPLICATED UTI and intraabdominal infections
Ceftolozane
28
Novel siderophore cephalosporin that binds to iron. Used in multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacteria. Warning for higher mortality
Cefiderocol - Siderophore
29
Considered as silver bullet against Pseudomonas. No activity against gram + and anareobes
Monobactams (AZTREONAM)
30
Inhibits renal dihydropeptidase metabolism of Imipinem hence given together
Cilastatin (IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN)
31
ALL Carbapenems are active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter except:
ERTAPENEM
32
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
TCS T - Tazobactam C - Clavulanic acid S - Sulbactam
33
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ala D-ala terminus
Vancomycin
34
Cuases RED MAN SYNDROME
Vancomycin
35
Mechanism of resistance of VRSA and VRE
D-ala D-lactate formation
36
Glycopeptide that has a very long T1/2 which permits once-weekly dosing and is more active than Vancomycin
Dalbavancin
37
Interferes with the laTe stage in cell wall synthesis in gram posiTive organisms, nephroToxic, and for Topical use only
BaciTracin
38
Blocks INCORPORATION of D-ala
Cycloserine
39
Used as second-line agent in TB
Cycloserine
40
A cell wall synthesis inhibitor that causes depolarization and rapid cell death
Daptomycin
41
A cell wall synthesis inhibitor that is more rapidly bactericidal than Vancomycin
Daptomycin
42
A cell wall synthesis inhibitor inactivated by pulmonary surfactant hence cannot be used in Pneumonia
Daptomycin
43
A cell wall synthesis inhibitor which is a cationic detergent
Polymycin B
44
A cell wall synthesis inhibitor used for salvage therapy of Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas
Polymyxin B
45
Blocks attachment of tRNA to acceptor site
Tetracylcine
46
Tetracycline used in SIADH
Demeclocycline
47
Teratogenic effect of Tetracylcine
Tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration
48
Broad spectrum tetracycline with the longest T1/2
Tigecycline
49
Causes GRAY BABY SYNDROME
Chlorampenicol
50
Resistance of this drug is due to formation of acetyltransferase that inactivates drug
Chlorampenicol
51
Idiosyncratic reaction seen in Chlorampenicol
Aplastic anemia
52
Chlorampenicol is bacteriostatic but bactericidal to which organisms:
HNBS H - Haemophilus N - Neisseria B - Bacteroides S - S. pneumoniae
53
ALL Macrolides inhibit CYP450 except:
AZITHROMYCIN Neither an inhibitor nor an inducer
54
Macrolide that has the highest Vd and slowest elimination (4 day T1/2)
Azithromycin
55
Used for macroline-resistance
Telithromycin
56
Side effect includes C. difficile overgrowth > Pseudomembranous colitis)
Lincosamides Clindamycin Lincomycin ABOVE diaphragm
57
Protein synthesis inhibitors that binds to the 23S rRna of 50S subunit
Oxazolidinone Linezolid Tedizolin
58
Treatment for MRSA, VRSA, and VRE
Oxazolidinone Linezolid Tedizolid
59
Causes Arthralgia-myalgia syndrome
Streptogrammins (Quinupristin-Dalfopristin)
60
Uses of Gentamycin and Tobramycin
Aerobic gram (-) bacteria infections Endocarditis Ocular infections
61
Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides
GT Gentamicin Tobramycin
62
Aminoglycoside used in MDR TB (used as 2nd line), has the LOWEST resistance but NARROWEST therapeutic window
Amikacin
63
Aminoglycoside used in TB, Tularemia, Bubonic plague, Brucellosis, and enterococcal endocarditis
Streptomycin
64
Aminoglycoside considered as teratogen because it causes CONGENITAL DEAFNESS
Streptomycin
65
Aminoglycosides used for bowel preparation for elective surgery to decrease aerobic flora
KPN K - Kanamycin P - Paromomycin N - Neomycin
66
Used for treatment of Visceral leishmaniasis
Paromomycin
67
Most ototoxic aminoglycoside
KANAMYCIN
68
Aminogylcoside used for DRUG-RESISTANT GONORRHEA
Spectinomycin Spectates heheehz
69
Most nephrotoxic aminoglycosides
GNT G - Gentamicin N - Neomycin T - Tobramycin
70
Vestibulotoxic aminoglycosides
SG Streptomycin Gentamicin
71
Ototoxic aminoglycosides
NAK (you can’t hear the NAK-NAK) N -Neomycin A - Amikacin K - Kanamycin
72
Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase
Sulfonamides
73
Selective ihibitor of dihydropteroate reductase
Trimethoprim
74
MOA: Sequential blockade of folate synthesis
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
75
Used to treat P. jiroveci pneumonia
Co-Trimoxazole
76
Used in burn infections
Silver sulfadiazine Mafenide acetate
77
DOC for Toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine
78
Sulfa drugs are contraindicated in patients with what biochemical disorder?
G6PD deficiency
79
Quinolone interfere with gram (-) organism’s DNA synthesis by inhibiting:
Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
80
Quinolone interfere with gram (+) organism’s DNA synthesis by inhibiting:
Topoisomerase IV
81
May damage growing cartilage and cause arthropathy (tendonitis and tendon rupture)
Quinolones
82
2nd generation quinolone that is most active against gram (-) organisms esp Pseudomonas
Ciprofloxacin
83
2nd generation quinolone that does not achieve adequate plasma levels for use in systemic infections
Norfloxacin NOOOOrfloxacin
84
Withdrawn 3rd generation quinolones
Grepa Gati
85
3rd generation quinolone that is unique for its hepatic clearance
Moxifloxacin
86
3rd generation quinolone used for C. trachomatis infection
Ofloxacilin
87
Newest members of 3rd generation quinolone and have the broadest spectrum of activity against anaerobes and atypical agents
Moxifloxacin Gemifloxacin
88
3rd generation quinolone used in CAP caused by ATYPICALs
Levofloxacin
89
MOA: Reactive reduction by ferredoxin forming free radicals that disrupts ETC
Nitroimidazole (Anti-protozoal) Metronidazole Tinidazole Secnidazole
90
DOC for Amoebiasis, giardiasis, and Pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole Tinidazole Secnidazole
91
Used in uncomplicated UTI except those caused by Proteus and Pseudomonas
Nitrofurantoin Not for PP
92
Inhibits Staphylococca isoleucyl tRNA synthetase
Mupirocin

Pharma (31 decks)

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