DIURETICS

Question 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: site of action

Answer 1

PCT

Question 2

Loop diuretics: site of action, transporters

Answer 2

LOH
Na/K/2Cl transporter
Mg & Ca reabsorption — Hypercalcemia

Question 3

Thiazide: site of action

Answer 3

DCT

Na/Cl transporter

Question 4

Potassium-sparing diuretics: site of action

Answer 4

Collecting ducts

ENaC

Question 5

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 5

K STAEs

S - Spironolactone
T - Triamterene
A - Amiloride
E - Eplerenone

Question 6

Drugs that can cause GYNECOMASTIA

Answer 6

Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers

S - Spironolactone
D - Digoxin
C - Cimetidine
A - Alcohol
K - Ketoconazole

Question 7

MOA of Acetazolamide

Answer 7

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase > decrease HCO3 reabsortion

Question 8

Metabolic derangement seen in Acetazolamide use

Answer 8

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 9

Uses of Acetazolamide

Answer 9

Glaucoma: decreases AH secretion

Mountain sickness

Question 10

Enzyme inhibited by Acetazolamide

Answer 10

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 11

MOA of loop diuretics

Answer 11

Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid

Inhibits Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ALOH
Increases Ca excretion

Question 12

Loop diuretics has synergistic ototoxicity with

Answer 12

Aminoglycosides

Question 13

Efficacy of loop diuretics is decreased by

Answer 13

NSAIDs

Question 14

MOA of TZD

Answer 14

Inhibits Na/Cl transporter in DCT

Inhibits excretion of Ca

Question 15

Electrolyte derangements seen in TZD use

Answer 15

HyperGLUC

HyperGlycemia
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia — TZD inhibits Ca excretion

Question 16

Metabolic derangement seen in TZD use

Answer 16

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 17

Used in hypercalciuric states and renal calcium stones

Answer 17

Thiazide diuretics

Question 18

MOA of Aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone, Eplerenone)

Answer 18

Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in CD

Question 19

MOA of Na channel blockers (Triamterene, Amiloride)

Answer 19

Inhibits ENaC epithelial Na channels

Question 20

Aldosterone antagonist that causes gynecomastia

Answer 20

Spironolactone

Question 21

Aldosterone antagonist that reduces progression of DM nephropathy and reduces mortality post-MI

Answer 21

Eplerenone

Question 22

ENaC inhibitor that causes renal stone formation

Answer 22

Triamterene

Question 23

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 23

Mannitol
Glycerin
Urea
Isosorbide

Question 24

MOA of osmotic diuretics

Answer 24

Increase osmotic gradient in PCT and descending LOH

PCT and descending LOH = water-permeable

Question 25

ADH agonists

Answer 25

DVT press

D - Desmopressin
V - Vasopressin
T - Terlipressin

Question 26

Uses of ADH agonists

Answer 26

Central diabetes insipidus

vW disease

Question 27

ADH agonist that causes uterine contractions hence contraindicated in pregnant women

Answer 27

Terlipressin

Question 28

ADH antagonists

Answer 28

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan
Lixivaptan
Lithium

Question 29

ADH antagonists are used in

Answer 29

SIADH

IV: Conivaptan
Oral: Tolvaptan

Question 30

Endothelin rceptor antagonist

Answer 30

Bosentan

BosENtan

Question 31

Endothelin receptor antagonist used in PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION

Answer 31

BOSENTAN

Question 32

Stabilizes cell membranes and reduces free radicals

Answer 32

Citicoline

Question 33

Anti-histamine and CCB that promotes CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW

Answer 33

Cinnarizine