ANTIVIRAL CHEMOTHERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS Flashcards
Activated by viral thymidine kinase (TK) to forms that inhibit viral DNA polymerase
Acyclovir
Used in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV
Acyclovir
Inhibits fusion between the HSV envelope and plasma membranes
Docosanol
An investigational drug which acts as an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase for shingles and EBV
Valomaciclovir
Prodrug that is converted to Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase, causing chain termination
Ganciclovir
Cidofovir
CMV
Ganciclovir
Cidofovir
Foscarnet inhibits these enzymes (3):
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
HSV infection in patients with AIDS
Foscarnet
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)
Never EvEr Deliver nucleoside
Nevirapine
Efavirenz
Etravirine
Delavirdine
Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase after phosphorylation by cellular enzymes
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Zidovudine
Abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
Tenofovir
Zlcitabine
Used for prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
NRTIs safe for pregnancy
LATE
L - Lamivudine
A - Abacavir
T - Tenofovir
E - Emtricitabine
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTIs) side effects
Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis
Zidovudine: BM supression
Abacavir: Hypersensitivity
Didanosine: Pancreatitis
Stavudine, Zalcitabine: Peripheral neuropathy
Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase. NO PHOSPHORYLATION REQUIRED
Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
Never EvER Deliver nucleoside
N - Nevirapine
E - Efavirenz
E - Etravirine
R - Rilpivirine
D - Delavirdine
Side effects of NNRTIs
No BM suppression because not incorporated in DNA
Delavirdine: Rash, elevated AST/ALT
Efavirenz: Teratogenicity
Etravirine: Increased cholesterol, TAG
Inhibits viral protein processing
Protease inhibitor (Indinavir)
Side effects seen in Protease inhibitors (Indinavir)
Hyperlipidemia
Fat redistribution
Hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance
Indinavir: Hyperbilirubinemia, nephrolithiasis
Amprenavir: rash
Atazanavir: peripheral neuropathy
Atazanavir, Fosamprenavir, Lopinavir, Lekfinavir, Saquinavir: GI distress and diarrhea
Binds to gp41 subunit of viral envelope glycoprotein
Fusion inhibitor (Enfuvirtide)
Enfu - ENvelope FUsion
Blocks viral attachment via transmembrane chemoKine receptor CCR5
MaraviroC
Integrase inhibitor (an enzyme essential for replication of HIV) leading to inhibition of strand transfer
Raltegravir
Dolutegravir
GRAVIR
Uncoating inhibitor that inhibits early step of replication and prevents uncoating by binding to M2 proton channels
Uncoating inhibitors (Amantadine, Rimantadine)
Anti-viral for Influenza A only
Amantadine
Side effect of Amantadine
Livedo reticularis
Antiviral against Influenza A that is also used in treating Parkinsonism
Amantadine
A for Influenza A
Amantada - for matanda with Parkinsonism
Neuraminidase inhibitor that decreases release of progeny virus
MIVIRs
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir
Antiviral against both Influenza A & B
Neuraminidase inhibitors
MIVIRs
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir
S/e seen in Oseltamivir use
GI effects
O for oral
S/E seen in Zanamivir
Bronchospasm in asthmatics
Drug of choice for Influenza including H1N1
Oseltamivir
Degrades viral RNA via activation of host cell RNAse (ribonuclease). Used in HBV, HCV, Kaposi sarcoma, genital warts.
Interferon-alpha
Inhibits GTP formation. Used in HBV and RSV
Ribavirin
Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase. Used in HBV and HIV infection
Lamivudine
Miscellaneous antiviral: an immune response modifier effective for external genital and perianal warts
Imiquimod
Miscellaneous antiviral: licensed for the treatment of cell-mediated immune deficiencies associated with viral infections; used for genital warts, herpes virus infection, SSPE.
Inosine Acedoben Dimepranol
