ANTIVIRAL CHEMOTHERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS Flashcards

1
Q

Activated by viral thymidine kinase (TK) to forms that inhibit viral DNA polymerase

A

Acyclovir

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2
Q

Used in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV

A

Acyclovir

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3
Q

Inhibits fusion between the HSV envelope and plasma membranes

A

Docosanol

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4
Q

An investigational drug which acts as an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase for shingles and EBV

A

Valomaciclovir

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5
Q

Prodrug that is converted to Acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir

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6
Q

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase, causing chain termination

A

Ganciclovir
Cidofovir

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7
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir
Cidofovir

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8
Q

Foscarnet inhibits these enzymes (3):

A

RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase

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9
Q

HSV infection in patients with AIDS

A

Foscarnet

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10
Q

Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)

A

Never EvEr Deliver nucleoside

Nevirapine
Efavirenz
Etravirine
Delavirdine

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11
Q

Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase after phosphorylation by cellular enzymes

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Zidovudine
Abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
Tenofovir
Zlcitabine

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12
Q

Used for prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

NRTIs safe for pregnancy

LATE

L - Lamivudine
A - Abacavir
T - Tenofovir
E - Emtricitabine

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13
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTIs) side effects

A

Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis

Zidovudine: BM supression
Abacavir: Hypersensitivity
Didanosine: Pancreatitis
Stavudine, Zalcitabine: Peripheral neuropathy

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14
Q

Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase. NO PHOSPHORYLATION REQUIRED

A

Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors

Never EvER Deliver nucleoside

N - Nevirapine
E - Efavirenz
E - Etravirine
R - Rilpivirine
D - Delavirdine

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15
Q

Side effects of NNRTIs

A

No BM suppression because not incorporated in DNA

Delavirdine: Rash, elevated AST/ALT
Efavirenz: Teratogenicity
Etravirine: Increased cholesterol, TAG

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16
Q

Inhibits viral protein processing

A

Protease inhibitor (Indinavir)

17
Q

Side effects seen in Protease inhibitors (Indinavir)

A

Hyperlipidemia
Fat redistribution
Hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance

Indinavir: Hyperbilirubinemia, nephrolithiasis
Amprenavir: rash
Atazanavir: peripheral neuropathy
Atazanavir, Fosamprenavir, Lopinavir, Lekfinavir, Saquinavir: GI distress and diarrhea

18
Q

Binds to gp41 subunit of viral envelope glycoprotein

A

Fusion inhibitor (Enfuvirtide)

Enfu - ENvelope FUsion

19
Q

Blocks viral attachment via transmembrane chemoKine receptor CCR5

20
Q

Integrase inhibitor (an enzyme essential for replication of HIV) leading to inhibition of strand transfer

A

Raltegravir
Dolutegravir

GRAVIR

21
Q

Uncoating inhibitor that inhibits early step of replication and prevents uncoating by binding to M2 proton channels

A

Uncoating inhibitors (Amantadine, Rimantadine)

22
Q

Anti-viral for Influenza A only

A

Amantadine

23
Q

Side effect of Amantadine

A

Livedo reticularis

24
Q

Antiviral against Influenza A that is also used in treating Parkinsonism

A

Amantadine

A for Influenza A
Amantada - for matanda with Parkinsonism

25
Neuraminidase inhibitor that decreases release of progeny virus
MIVIRs Oseltamivir Zanamivir Peramivir
26
Antiviral against both Influenza A & B
Neuraminidase inhibitors MIVIRs Oseltamivir Zanamivir Peramivir
27
S/e seen in Oseltamivir use
GI effects O for oral
28
S/E seen in Zanamivir
Bronchospasm in asthmatics
29
Drug of choice for Influenza including H1N1
Oseltamivir
30
Degrades viral RNA via activation of host cell RNAse (ribonuclease). Used in HBV, HCV, Kaposi sarcoma, genital warts.
Interferon-alpha
31
Inhibits GTP formation. Used in HBV and RSV
Ribavirin
32
Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase. Used in HBV and HIV infection
Lamivudine
33
Miscellaneous antiviral: an immune response modifier effective for external genital and perianal warts
Imiquimod
34
Miscellaneous antiviral: licensed for the treatment of cell-mediated immune deficiencies associated with viral infections; used for genital warts, herpes virus infection, SSPE.
Inosine Acedoben Dimepranol