Eye Review Flashcards
What is a Marcus-Gunn pupil?
One with a RAPD
What is an Argyll-Robertson pupil?
One that constricts to accommodation but not to light
What is a Holmes-Adie pupil?
Tonically dilated pupil that does not react to light. Generally associated with PS fibre damage
What is astigmatism?
An irregularly curved cornea
What can cause a cataract to develop?
- Age
- Drugs (steroids)
- Trauma
- Diabetes, Wilson’s, uveitis etc.
How might you manage someone with chronic open-angle glaucoma?
- PG inhibitors (latanoprost)
- BBs (timolol)
- a-agonists (brimonidine)
- Miotics (pilocarpine)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
- Laser or surgical trabeculotomy
How can you distinguish the different grades of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
- Mild - microaneurysms
- Moderate - venous beading, cotton wool spots, haemorrhages
- Severe - Any of 4-2-1 (haemorrhages/aneurysms in 4 quadrants, venous beading in 2 quadrants, severe abnormalities in 1)
What are the features of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
- >1/3 neovascularised with vitreous haemorrhage
- Neovascularisation everywhere
How is proliferative retinopathy definitively managed?
- Pan-retinal photocoagulation
- Sacrifices peripheral vision to decrease central neovascularisation
What are the two main features of diabetic maculopathy? How is it treated?
- Macular oedema
- Macular laser, intra-vitreal anti-VEGF
- Macular ischaemia
- Control diabetes/IHD
What investigation allows better testing of visual fields than confrontation?
Amsler grid testing
