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Core Conditions (Matt) > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

How long/wide is a normal PR interval?

A

3-5 small squares (0.12-0.20 sec)

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2
Q

How deep/wide is a normal Q wave? What leads is a Q wave normally seen in?

A
  • <0.03 sec
  • <1/3 the height of the following R wave
  • Normally seen in I, aVL (sometimes V1-2)
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3
Q

How long is the normal QT interval? What is the formula for the rate-corrected variant (QTc)

A
  • 0.410 sec (<1/2 R-R)
  • QTc = QT + 1.75(ventricular rate - 60)
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4
Q

How wide is a normal QRS complex? How tall in the limb leads?

A
  • 0.06 - 0.11 sec (1.5 - 3 small squares)
  • > 5 mm tall in the limb leads
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5
Q

What direction isthe RA depolarisation vector?

A

Right, down, posterior

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6
Q

What direction is the LA depolarisation vector?

A

Left, down , back

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7
Q

What direction is the septal depolarisation vector?

A

Right to left

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8
Q

What direction is the main ventricular depolarisation vector?

A

Inferior, posterior, left

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9
Q

What direction is the late ventricular depolarisation vector?

A

Up, right and posterior

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10
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a wandering atrial pacemaker? How is it distinguished from a multifocal atrial tachycardia?

A
  • < 100 bpm with at least 3 different P wave morphologies
  • MAT - > 100 bpm
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11
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of atrial flutter?

A

Regular saw-toothed flutter waves with regular ventricular response

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12
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of atrial fibrillation?

A
  • No discernable P waves, random QRS
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13
Q

How fast is a junctionally-paced rhythm on an ECG? A ventricular paced rhythm?

A
  • 40-60 bpm
  • 20-40 bpm
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14
Q

What is 1st degree heart block?

A
  • Prolonged PR interval (> 0.20 or 5 small squares)
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15
Q

What is Mobitz I second-degree heart block?

A
  • Lengthening PR until a beat is dropped after a P wave
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16
Q

What is Mobitz II second-degree heart block?

A
  • Fixed PR interval and P:QRS ratio, but a QRS is dropped in a regular pattern after a P wave
17
Q

What is third-degree heart block? How is it different to AV dissociation?

A
  • Different P and QRS rates
  • AV dissociation if rate is the same
18
Q

What might cause an ST segment to be concave-up shaped?

A
  • Pericarditis
  • Early repolarisation
  • Strain
19
Q

What might cause an ST segment to be concave-down shaped?

A

Strain

20
Q

What might cause an ST segment to be flat and depressed?

A

Subendocardial ischaemia

21
Q

What might cause an ST segment to be flat and elevated?

A

Myocardial injury

22
Q

What might cause an ST segment to tombstone?

A
  • Infarction
  • Aneurysm
23
Q

What is the normal shape and height of T waves on an ECG?

A
  • Asymmetrical
  • < 6 mm in limb leads
  • < 12 mm in precordial leads
24
Q

What might be the cause of tall, peaked, narrow T waves on an ECG?

A

Hyperkalaemia

25
Q

What can tall, symmetrical T waves signify on an ECG?

A

Injury

26
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of pericarditis?

A
  • Global ST elevation
  • Concave-up ST segments
  • PR depression
  • Tachycardia
27
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a right-bundle-branch block?

A
  • QRS >= 0.12 sec
  • Slurred S in I, V6
  • Positive complexes in V1 and RSR’ morphology
28
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a left-bundle-branch block?

A
  • My, what an ugly ‘gram
  • QRS >= 0.12 sec
  • Broad R in V1, V6
  • Broad S complex in V1
29
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a left anterior hemiblock?

A
  • LAD -30 to -90
  • qR or R complex in I
  • rS in III
30
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a left posterior hemiblock?

A
  • Axis 90-180
  • S complex in I
  • q complex in III
  • No RAE or RVH present
31
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a left atrial enlargement?

A
  • P wave > 0.12 sec and notched greater than 0.04 in limb leads
32
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a right atrial enlargement?

A
  • Peaked P wave (> 2.5 mm) in limb leads
33
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of LV hypertrophy?

A
  • (S wave in V1 or V2) + (R wave in V5 or V6) > 35 mm
  • AND/OR
  • any precordial > 45 mm
  • R wave in aVL >= 11mm
  • R wave in I >= 12 mm
  • R wave in aVF >= 20 mm
34
Q

What are the ECG characteristics of a RV hypertrophy?

A
  • R:S >=1 in V1 and/or V2

Core Conditions (Matt) (169 decks)

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