Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1/2 > Digestion & Metabolism 2: Thyroid & Pancreas Sx > Flashcards

Digestion & Metabolism 2: Thyroid & Pancreas Sx Flashcards

1
Q

MOST thyroid tumors we detect are ___ ___

usually come from ___ ___ CELLS or ____ CELLS

usually has ___ presentation

rate of METASTASIS is ___

A

MALIGNANT CARCINOMAS

usually come from THYROID FOLLICULAR CELLS or MEDULLARY CELLS

usually has BILATERAL presentation

rate of METASTASIS is HIGH (LNs & LUNGS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRUE/FALSE

ECTOPIC thyroid tumors are POSSIBLE

usually these around found between MEDIASTINUM & NECK

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOST thyroid tumors are _____, BUT if they ARE ____, then shows signs of ____, which include… (2)

A

MOST thyroid tumors are NONFUNCTIONAL, BUT if they ARE FUNCTIONAL, then shows signs of HYPERTHYROIDISM, which include…

  1. PU/PD
  2. WEIGHT LOSS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE/FALSE

THYROID tumors are NOT usually an INCIDENTAL finding

A

FALSE, they are!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

THYROID tumors usually found as a ___ ___ MASS

what is MOST important for GOOD PROGNOSIS?

A

VENTRAL CERVICAL MASS

MOST important for good prognosis = EARLY DETECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM tends to have ____ MASSES, while CANINE HYPERTHYROIDISM tends to have ___ THYROID ____

A

BENIGN, MALIGNANT THYROID CARCINOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

POSSIBLE clinical signs of THYROID TUMOR? (4)

A
  1. COUGH
  2. INCREASED RR/RE
  3. DYSPHAGIA
  4. CHANGE IN VOICE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DIAGNOSTICS for THYROID TUMORS…

4 main?

which 2 can we POTENTIALLY do if CONCURRENT DZ?

A

4 main?
1. PE to see HOW MOBILE THE TUMOR IS –> palpate both AWAKE & ANESTHETIZED/SEDATED

  1. CBC/CHEM/UA
  2. THYROID FUNCTION TESTING
  3. THORACIC RADS & CT for PULMONARY METS

POTENTIAL?
1. ABDOMINAL US
2. ABDOMINAL CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what should we prepare PREOPERATIVELY for THYROID TUMOR?

A

BLOOD TYPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why do we NOT tend to do FNA on THYROID MASS?

this is usually done WHEN?

A

usually because HIGHLY VASCULAR TUMORS & likely to have HEMORRHAGE

usually done AFTER IMAGING so that WE DON’T COMPLICATE FINDINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LOCAL treatment options for THYROID TUMORS… (2)

each are TREATMENT OF CHOICE especially when…

A
  1. THYROIDECTOMY Sx, ESPECIALLY when MOBILE or just VASCULAR INVASION
  2. RADIATION THERAPY, ESPECIALLY when INVASION OF IMPORTANT SURROUNDING STRUCTURES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SYSTEMIC treatment options for THYROID TUMORS… (2)

list what EACH are GOOD FOR

A
  1. CHEMOTHERAPY = good for when HIGH RISK OF METASTATIC DZ; can also use PALLADIA
  2. I-131 = good for NON-RESECTABLE THYROID TUMORS or RESIDUAL METASTASIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

I-131…

more commonly used in WHAT species?

used for… (2)

has a RISK of….

requires a ____ DOSE

A

more commonly used in CATS

used for…
1. NON-RESECTABLE THYROID TUMORS
2. GROSS METASTATIC DZ

RISK of MYELOSUPPRESSION

requires a HIGH DOSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dogs with HYPERTHYROIDISM DO/DO NOT need TREATMENT to induce EUTHYROIDISM PRE-OPERATIVELY for THYROIDECTOMY

vs. in CATS?

A

DO NOT!!

vs. in CATS, DO NEED TO INDUCE EUTHYROIDISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ideally we should do an exam of WHAT BEFORE & AFTER THYROIDECTOMY SX?

why? (2)

A

LARYNGEAL EXAM

why? = to look at THYROID & ensure NORMAL FUNCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

three general RISKS of THYROIDECTOMY…

what is the MOST COMMON complication?

unfortunately ___ & ___ is possible POST-OP

A
  1. BLEEDING
  2. LARYNGEAL PARALYSIS
  3. RESPIRATORY SIGNS

MOST COMMON complication = SEROMA/SWELLING

unfortunately RECURRENCE and HYPOTHYROIDISM is possible POST-OP

17
Q

for HIGHLY METASTATIC but SLOWLY PROGRESSIVE THYROID TUMORS, the prognosis is..

what is the MOST IMPORTANT prognostic indicator?

what is an important prognostic indicator for METS?

MST?

A

EXCELLENT so long as TREATMENT IS TAKEN

MOBILITY is the MOST IMPORTANT prognostic indicator for RESECTION

if BILATERAL, MUCH MORE LIKELY FOR METS

MST = ~2 years

18
Q

why can HYPOPARATHYROIDISM occur post-sx for BILATERAL THYROIDECTOMY?

what TREATMENT do they need?

A

usually REMOVE ALL PARATHYROID TISSUE if this is done!

needs LONG-TERM CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION

19
Q

THYROID TUMORS in CATS…

cats usually presenting with ____ & RARELY show ___

on PE, WHAT is normal?

clinical findings are WIDESPREAD because…

why do we want to make cats EUTHYROID prior to sx?

SURGERY IS COMMONLY/UNCOMMONLY done for CAT THYROID TUMORS

A

cats usually presenting with HYPERTHYROIDISM & RARELY show MALIGNANCY

on PE, THYROID PALPATION IS NORMAL (not felt)

WIDESPREAD clinical findings because T4 affects MANY ORGANS

want to make CATS EUTHYROID prior to sx because WE WANT TO SEE IF THEY HAVE RENAL DZ

SURGERY DONE UNCOMMONLY

20
Q

2 types of ENDOCRINE PANCREATIC TUMORS?

which is MOST COMMON?

A
  1. INSULINOMA –> MORE COMMON
  2. GASTRINOMA
21
Q

GASTRINOMA are the result of NEOPLASTIC ___ ___ that produces EXCESSIVE LEVELS of ___

METASTASIS is _____

A

DELTA CELLS, GASTRIN

METASTASIS is COMMON

22
Q

what is the MOST COMMON NON-ENDOCRINE PANCREATIC TUMOR?

tend to have ___ behavior

A

CARCINOMAS

tend to have AGGRESSIVE behavior

23
Q

INSULINOMA…

what type of tumor is this?

commonality in DOGS vs. CATS?

usually the result of NEOPLASTIC ___ ___ & causes ____GLYCEMIA

histologically can appear ___, but MAJORITY have ___ behavior by the time we DIAGNOSE; affects what 2 organs?

A

EXOCRINE PANCREATIC TUMOR

UNCOMMON in DOGS, RARE in CATS

usually the result of NEOPLASTIC BETA CELLS & causes HYPOGLYCEMIA

histologically can appear BENIGN, but MAJORITY have MALIGNANT behavior; affects…
1. LNs
2. LIVER

24
Q

INSULINOMA…

CLINICAL SIGNS of this depend on what 3 things?

these dogs can look NORMAL if ____ ____

clinical signs? (3)

in SEVERE cases, can cause PERMANENT ___ ____

A

CLINICAL SIGNS of this depend on what 3 things?
1. DEGREE of hypoglycemia
2. RATE of DECLINE
3. DURATION of hypoglycemia

these dogs can look NORMAL if CHRONIC HYPOGLYCEMIA

clinical signs?
1. ATAXIA
2. SEIZURES
3. WEAKNESS

in SEVERE cases, can cause PERMANENT CNS DYSFUNCTION

25
Q

how is HYPOGLYCEMIA diagnosed?

HOWEVER, what are 2 MOST COMMON reasons why this might this be INACCURATE?

A

MEASURE THE GLUCOSE!

ARTIFACTUAL HYPOGLYCEMIA most commonly caused by…
1. UNCENTRIFUGED SAMPLE –> RBCs went THROUGH GLUCOSE
2. used PORTABLE GLUCOSE METER

26
Q

XYLITOL causes _____ due to INCREASED ____ LEVELS, and this occurs SLOWLY/RAPIDLY

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA, INSULIN, RAPIDLY

27
Q

how is INSULINOMA MOST DEFINITIVELY diagnosed?

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA concurrent with ABNORMAL INSULIN LEVEL

28
Q

a NORMAL ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND DOES/DOES NOT RULE OUT INSULINOMA

A

DOES NOT

29
Q

if animals have INSULINOMA, we should do WHAT before Sx? how? (2)

A

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT BEFORE Sx to AVOID HYPOGLYCEMIA, so…
1. GIVE SMALL FREQUENT MEALS prior to ANESTHESIA
2. GIVE PREDNISONE

30
Q

what is the RECOMMENDED for INSULINOMA Tx?

what 2 things can indicate EXPLORATORY LAPARATOMY?

this is NOT ___, and we should tell CLIENTS this

A

SURGERY!!

what 2 things can indicate EXPLORATORY LAPARATOMY?
1. HYPOGLYCEMIA
2. CONCURRENT ABNORMAL INSULIN

NOT CURATIVE, we should tell CLIENTS This

Year 1/2 (139 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions