Defense & Barriers 2: Skin Patterns

Question 1

describe the region of the lesion & what it is

Answer 1

ALOPECIA in DORSO-CAUDAL LUMBAR AREA

from FLEA BITE HYPERSENSITIVITY in CATS, common presentation

Question 2

name the disease

Answer 2

feline atopic skin syndrome

Question 3

what disease is this?
acute clinical signs? (3)
chronic clinical signs? (2)

Answer 3

FLEA BITE HYPERSENSITIVITY

ACUTE signs?
1. papules
2. crusted papules
3. hot spots

CHRONIC signs?
1. lichenification
2. hyperpigmentation

Question 4

what disease is this?
lesions? (3)

Answer 4

MALASSEZIA DERMATITIS

lesions?
1. erythema
2. yellow/brownish greasy scales
3. hyperpigmentation

Question 5

what disease is this?
where are lesions usually found?

Answer 5

CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS

lesions usually found in FLEXURAL FOLDS (belly, armpit, inguinal region) and EARS

Question 6

what disease is this?

Answer 6

PATTERN ALOPECIA, NON-PATHOGENIC

Question 7

what kind of lesions is this?
what 2 things usually found inside?

Answer 7

PUSTULE

EOSINOPHILS & NEUTROPHILS

Question 8

skin has ____ means to react to injury

Answer 8

LIMITED

Question 9

use ___ magnification to form dermatological differential diagnoses, and use ___ to divide and narrow these diagnoses

Answer 9

LOW, HIGH

Question 10

carcinoma vs. sarcoma terms for neoplastic histologic patterns?

Answer 10

carcinoma = nests, cords, glands

sarcoma = streams, whorls, bundles

Question 11

name of disease?
how rare?
what kind of pattern is this?

Answer 11

culicuoides hypersensitivity, “itchy skin rash”

MOST COMMON SKIN IRRITATION IN HORSES

PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS

Question 12

name of disease?
what kind of pattern is this?

Answer 12

CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS

PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS

Question 13

name of disease?
what kind of pattern is this?

Answer 13

FLEA BITE HYPERSENSITIVITY

PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS

Question 14

what kind of pattern is this?
duration?

Answer 14

PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS

CHRONIC SURFACE TRAUMA

Question 15

secondary effects of perivascular dermatitis? (3)

Answer 15

1. TRAUMA to the surface of the skin
2. proliferation of BACTERIA, particularly Staph pseudintermedius and scheiferi
3. MALASSEZIA infection

Question 16

perivascular dermatitis
= what is it & how cells act
2 things typical for it?
diagnostic strength?

Answer 16

= ANY kind of allergic skin disease pattern, non-specific; INFLAMMATORY CELLS come OUT of vessel and STAY AROUND IT

2 things typically in perivascular dermatitis reactions?
–> LATE-PHASE TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
–> often see ACANTHOSIS

WEAK diagnostic strength because VERY COMMON

Question 17

PARAKERATOTIC hyperkeratosis
found in what kind of pattern?
3 diseases it can indicate?

Answer 17

found in PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS

indicates…
1. zinc-responsive dermatitis
2. metabolic disturbance
3. superficial necrolytic dermatitis

Question 18

what disease is this?
what type of pattern?

Answer 18

disease = NOTOEDRIC MANGE

PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS

Question 19

what disease is this?
pathogenesis?
what type of pattern? **something specific present

Answer 19

SUPERFICIAL NECROLYTIC DERMATITIS

pathogenesis?
–> occurs due to HEPATOPATHY where there’s LOW CIRCULATING AMINO ACIDS and thus NOT ENOUGH NUTRITION FOR SKIN TO UNDERGO APOPTOSIS

it’s a PERIVASCULAR DERMATITIS pattern, particularly PARAKERATOTIC hyperkeratosis

Question 20

interface dermatitis pattern
= what is it?
diagnostic strength?
2 diseases that usually manifest?

Answer 20

= immune-mediated pattern where inflammatory cells target basal membrane zone & keratinocytes

STRONG diagnostic strength!

usually CUTANEOUS LUPUS and CYTOTOXIC DERMATITIS

Question 21

disease name?
pattern?

Answer 21

disease = CANINE NASAL LOCALIZED DISCOID LUPUS

INTERFACE pattern

Question 22

disease name?
pattern?

Answer 22

disease = EXFOLIATIVE CANINE LUPUS

INTERFACE pattern

Question 23

intraepidermal pustular dermatitis pattern
characterized by what? (easy answer)
causes… (2)
diagnostic strength?

Answer 23

characterized by PUSTULES IN EPIDERMIS

causes?
1. pemphigus foliaceus
2. pustular foliaceus

diagnostic strength?
STRONG

Question 24

disease name?
pattern?
pathognomonic clinical sign?

Answer 24

PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS

INTRAEPIDERMAL PUSTULAR DERMATITIS PATTERN

pathognomonic clinical sign = CRUST on ear

Question 25

disease name?
pattern?
pathophysiology?

Answer 25

PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS

INTRAEPIDERMAL PUSTULAR DERMATITIS PATTERN

pathophysiology?
often occurs as TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION where Abs are made against DESMOCOLLIN-1 in DESMOSOMES

Question 26

nodular dermatitis pattern
alternative term?
= what do we see? (2, one is very important)
what 2 types of infections usually occur with this?
what determines how we make a diagnosis?

Answer 26

also called DIFFUSE dermatitis

= aggregates cells in epidermis & FURUNCULOSIS

usually from BACTERIAL or MYCOBACTERIAL infection

diagnosis depends on TYPE OF INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE

Question 27

panniculitis pattern
= definition
what disease in cats vs. dogs?

Answer 27

= inflammation of pannicular adipose tissue

DOGS = STERILE IDIOPATHIC CONDITION

CATS = MYCOBACTERIOSIS

Question 28

what disease is this?
what pattern?

Answer 28

PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS

INTRAEPIDERMAL PUSTULAR DERMATITIS

Question 29

what pattern is this?

Answer 29

SUPEPIDERMAL VESICULAR DERMATITIS

Question 30

subepidermal vesicular dermatitis pattern
affects WHAT?
diagnostic strength?
2 types of diseases it causes? (+ specific pathologies)

Answer 30

affects BASEMENT MEMBRANE ZONE

STRONG diagnostic strength

2 types of diseases it causes?
1. CONGENITAL GENODERMATOSES = DEFECT IN THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE ZONE
–> causes EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA

2. ACQUIRED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE affecting component of BMZ
   –> causes MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID & EBA

Question 31

what disease is this?
what pattern?

Answer 31

MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID

SUBEPIDERMAL VESICULAR DERMATITIS PATTERN

Question 32

what disease is this? (hint = INFLAMMATION)

Answer 32

FOLLICULITIS

Question 33

what PATTERN is this?

Answer 33

INTERFACE dermatitis

Question 34

what PATTERN is this?

Answer 34

ACUTE PERIVASCULAR dermatitis