Defense & Barriers 2: Ectoparasites Flashcards
ARTHROPODS…
Phylum?
Class & order for…
Ticks?
Flies?
Mites?
Fleas?
Lice?
PHYLUM = ARTHROPODA
CLASS = ARACHNIDA
ORDER = ACARI (ticks, mites)
CLASS = INSECTA
ORDER = DIPTERA (flies)
ORDER = PHTHIRAPTERA (lice)
ORDER = SIPHONAPTERA (fleas)
what 3 organisms are NOT good for INDIRECT TRANSMISSION of pathogens?
MITES, FLEAS & LICE
MITES…
3 main characteristics? (size, 2 about anatomy)
5 types of mites with names of GENUS? (hint: one of them has 2 sub-categories)
3 main characteristics?
1. MICROSCOPIC or VERY SMALL in size
2. MOUTHPARTS are DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO BODY
3. NO BASIS CAPITULUM (thing between mouthparts & body) or SHIELD/SCUTUM
5 types of mites w/ GENUS names?
1. MANGE mites
–> BURROWING = Sarcoptes, notoedres, demodex
–> NON-BURROWING = Psoroptes, chorioptes, otodectes
2. WALKING DANDRUFF = cheyletiella
3. NASAL MITES = pneumonyssoides
4. CHIGGERS = trombicula
5. POULTRY MITES = ornithonyssus, dermanyssus
BURROWING mites…
what type of mite is this?
1 main characteristic?
3 organisms? (say something about 2 of them)
these are MANGE mites
characteristic?
1. most burrow DEEP into dermis
3 organisms?
1. Sarcoptes scabiei = in stratum SPINOSUM
2. Notoedris cati
3. Demodex spp = doesn’t ACTUALLY burrow deep into skin, just HAIR FOLLICLES & SEBACEOUS GLANDS –> that’s why we need to get CAPILLARY BLEEDING on skin scraping!
NON-BURROWING mites…
what type of mite is this?
2 main characteristics?
give 3 genus/species?
these are MANGE mites
2 characteristics?
1. on SURFACE of skin
2. ALL HAVE LONG LEGS
3 organism names?
1. Psoroptes spp
2. Chorioptes bovis
3. Otodectes cynotis
MITES…
life cycle? (2, 4 stages & category)
what 4 things can they feed on?
what 2 places can they live?
host specificity?
zoonotic risk?
life cycle? = SIMPLE METAMORPHOSIS
1. All the major stages are morphologically similar to ADULT
2. Eggs –> larvae –> nymphs –> adult
what 4 things can they feed on?
1. host tissue
2. cellular debris
3. blood
4. lymph
what 2 places can they live?
1. ALWAYS on host
2. just FEED on host & live in ENVIRONMENT
host-specificity?
–> specific TO ONE TYPE OF HOST (mammals, birds, etc.)
zoonotic risk?
–> mites that affect DOGS/CATS HIGH LIKELIHOOD for ZOONOSES
identify the GENUS & organism
MITE (POULTRY)
ORNITHONYSSUS
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
MITE (MANGE, BURROWING)
SARCOPTES SCABIEI
SARCOPTES SCABIEI…
what kind of organism is this?
4 anatomical traits?
feeds on? (2)
contagion? (1)
hosts? (7, + what is usually NOT a host? what is reportable?)
2 host specificities? (+ ** what happens if the WRONG host gets WRONG bug?)
this is a MANGE, BURROWING MITE
4 anatomical traits?
1. MICROSCOPIC
2. OVAL-shaped
3. SHORT LEGS
4. LONG PEDICELS (end of leg)
feeds on?
1. LYMPH
2. EPITHELIAL cels
contagion? = HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!
hosts?
1. ruminants
2. humans
3. ferrets
4. dogs
5. pigs
6. wildlife
7. horses
** RARE in CATS, REPORTABLE in CATTLE in US
host SPECIFICITIES?
1. Sarcoptes scabiei var. CANIS = can affect DOGS & SOMETIMES HUMANS
** IF humans infected with CANIS, causes ATYPICAL, TRANSIENT DERMATITIS
2. Sarcoptes sabiei var. HOMINIS = HUMANS
identify GENUS & organism
**What is this?
MITE (MANGE, BURROWING)
SARCOPTES SCABIEI
**LONG PEDICEL!!
SARCOPTIES SCABIEI predilection sites for…
dog? (2)
pig? (4)
sheep/goat? (2, “name?”)
cattle? (3)
horse? (4)
wildlife? (1, something special about it)
Dogs
1. elbows
2. ears
Pigs
1.around the eyes
2. on nose
3.back
4. legs
Sheep/goat
1. head
2. neck
“head scab”
Cattle
1. head
2. neck
3. shoulders
Horse
1. head
2.neck
3. flanks
4. abdomen
Wildlife = RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes) is AFFECTED BY LETHAL FORM of SARCOPTIC MANGE
5 clinical signs of SARCOPTES SCABIEI? (what’s the MAIN one?)
where does disease USUALLY START FOR ALL ANIMALS? (not a particular anatomical location)
- MAIN ONE = SEVERE PRURITUS
- HYPERKERATOSIS
- ALOPECIA
- REDDISH LESIONS covered with YELLOWISH CRUST
- Severe self-trauma & secondary infections MAY occur
usually starts on RELATIVELY HAIRLESS areas of skin
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
SARCOPTES SCABIEI
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
SARCOPTES SCABIEI
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
SARCOPTES SCABIEI
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
NOTOEDRES CATI…
what kind of organism is this?
hosts? (4, include which is the MOST common)
morphology when compared to another bug? (2)
what kinds of lesions?
lesion distribution (4, include which is MOST common)
clinical signs? (4)
= MANGE, BURROWING MITE
hosts?
1. MOSTLY domestic cats/wild felids
2. rats
3. rabbits
4. humans (rarely)
morphology?
1. SMALLER than SARCOPTES
2. has DORSAL ANUS rather than TERMINAL ANUS in SARCOPTES
what kind of lesions? = CRUSTY lesions!
lesion distribution?
1. MOSTLY on EARS
2. face
3. paws
4. hindquarters
clinical signs?
1. marked hyperkeratosis
2. alopecia
3. self-trauma
4. pruritus
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
NOTOEDRES CATI
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
NOTOEDRES CATI
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS & organism
DEMODEX
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS & organism
DEMODEX
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
DEMODEX spp….
what kind of organism is this?
one uncommon “alternative name?”
location ON HOST? (2, NOT anatomical regions)
morphology? (1)
contagion/transmission?
host specificity?
clinical signs? (3, which one is MOST unusual/important?)
MANGE, BURROWING MITE
“red or puppy mange”
location?
1. considered NORMAL FAUNA of skin
2. lives in HAIR FOLLICLES & SEBACEOUS GLANDS, DOES NOT PENETRATE EPIDERIMIS
morphology? = LONG, cigar-shaped body
contagion/transmission? = NOT CONTAGIOUS, transmitted DIRECTLY FROM MOM TO NEONATE
host specificity? = mites are HOST-SPECIFIC, but MULTIPLE MITES can AFFECT ONE SPECIES
clinical signs? (3)
1. ALOPECIA due to DAMAGE TO FOLLICLES
2. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION from overpopulation
3. ** NO PRURITUS
identify GENUS & organism
PSOROPTES
MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite
identify GENUS & organism
**what is this?
PSOROPTES
MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite
**3 SEGMENTED PEDICELS
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
PSOROPTES CUNICULI
MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite
PSOROPTES spp….
what kind of organism is this?
morphology? (2)
feeds on… (2)
hosts? (3)
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
morphology?
1. LONG LEGS
2. 3 SEGMENTED PEDICELS
feeds on SKIN and LYMPH
hosts?
1. rabbits
2. ruminants
3. horses
PSOROPTES OVIS
what kind of organism?
3 hosts?
severity?
reportable?
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
3 hosts?
1. cattle
2. sheep
3. horses
severity? = often UNSERIOUS
reportable = YES
PSOROPTES CUNICULI
what kind of organism?
commonality?
3 hosts?
3 clinical signs?
what DISEASE does it cause?
MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite
COMMON
3 hosts?
1. goats
2. horses
3. rabbits
clinical signs?
1. CRUSTY ear canals/ear
2. otitis
3. pruritus
disease = EAR CANKER
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
CHORIOPTES BOVIS
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
**what is this?
CHORIOPTES BOVIS
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
**SHORT, UNSEGMENTED PEDICEL/STALK
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
CHORIOPTES BOVIS
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
CHORIOPTES BOVIS…
what type of organism?
“common name” of disease?
3 morphological traits?
5 hosts? (principle host, one is location-based & a common breed example?)
histologic location?
3 gross lesion locations?
feeds on… (1)
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
“Foot and Tail Mange”
3 morphological traits?
1. SMALL SIZE
2. LONG LEGS
3. SHORT, UNSEGMENTED PEDICELS
5 hosts?
1. CATTLE are principle
2. HORSES –> DRAFT breeds common
3. EAR CANAL of RABBITS
4. SHEEP
5. GOATS
histologic location = SUPERFICIALLY in STRATUM CORNEUM (keratin layer)
3 gross lesions
1. TAIL
2. UDDER
3. LEGS
feeds on EPIDERMAL TISSUES
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
CHORIOPTES BOVIS
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
when is CHORIOPTES BOVIS most prevalent?
when does it tend to regress?
MOST PREVALENT in the LATE WINTER!
will REGRESS once CATTLE LET OUT INTO PASTURE FOR SPRING
3 common names for OTODECTES CYNOTIS infection?
- otodectic mange
- otoacariasis
- ear canker
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
OTODECTES CYNOTIS
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
OTODECTES CYNOTIS
MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
OTODECTES CYNOTIS…
what type of organism?
morphology? (2)
location?
hosts? (4, including a specific example)
cytological findings? (1)
clinical signs? (2 dog, 1 cat)
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
morphology?
1. long legs
2. short, unsegmented pedicels
location? = EXTERNAL EAR CANAL and ADJACENT SKIN
4 hosts?
1. horses
2. CATS –> MOST COMMON CAUSE OF OTITIS EXTERNA
3. dogs
4. ferrets
cytology?
1. cerumen looks like COFFEE GROUNDS
clinical signs DOG?
1. aural hematoma
2. self-trauma
clinical sign CAT?
1. EXCORIATION around and in ears
identify GENUS & organism
CHEYLETIELLA
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
identify GENUS & organism
CHEYLETIELLA
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
CHEYLETIELLA..
what kind of organism is this?
another “common name?”
KEY characteristic? (1)
3 hosts? (+specificity, transient host?)
survival? (1)
3 clinical signs?
what should we be looking for & what test is NOT necessary? (1)
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
“walking dandruff”
KEY characteristic?
1. CHELICERAE = CLAWS are in the HEAD of the mite
3 hosts?
1. dogs
2. cats
3. rabbits
**HOST SPECIFIC FOR EACH SPECIES!
**HUMANS can act as TRANSITORY/ACCIDENTAL host, but DO NOT TRANSMIT DISEASE
can SURVIVE OFF of the host for LONGER PERIOD OF TIME than OTHER MITES
clinical signs? (3)
1. exfoliative alopecia
2. pruritus
3. scaling
looking for?
1. SMALL, MOVING MITES ON SKIN SURFACE & SKIN SCRAPING NOT NEEDED
identify GENUS & organism
CHEYLETIELLA
= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE
PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM…
what type of organism is this?
size? (1)
host? (1)
locations? (2)
clinical signs? (5)
diagnosis? (3, give what’s USUALLY DONE and 2 others)
= NASAL MITE
size? = VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE (large)
host = DOGS
locations?
1. NASAL sinuses
2. PARANASAL sinuses
clinical signs? (5)
1. Nasal secretions
2. Rhinitis
3. Hyperemia of nasal mucosa
4. Chronic sneezing
5. Epistaxis
diagnostics?
1. NASAL SWAB USUALLY BEST/easiest
2. ID mites on nasal planum
3. rhinoscopy
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM
= NASAL MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM
= NASAL MITE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM
= NASAL MITE
label left to right
Chorioptes –> Otodectes –> Notoedres
Psoroptes –> Sarcoptes
FLEAS…
phylum –> class –> order?
morphology? (6)
life cycle/what it means?
host specificity?
feeds on? (1)
locations of life stages? (2)
Phylum = Arthropoda –> Class = Inecta
–> Order = Siphonaptera
morphology?
1. SMALL
2. WINGLESS
3. HEAVILY CHINITIZED
4. COMBS
5. BILATERALLY FLATTENED
6. LEGS are MODIFIED for JUMPING
life cycle/what it means?
COMPLETE/COMPLEX metamorphosis, so IMMATURE STAGES DIFFERENT FROM MATURE
host specificity? = NONE
feeds on BLOOD
locations of life stages?
1. adults FEED, COPULATE and LAY EGGS ON HOST
2. rest of life cycle is IN ENVIRONMENT
CTENOCEPHALIDES SPP…
identify organism?
host specificity?
2 most common SPECIES of the organism?
morphology? (1, 2 types)
2 direct impacts?
4 indirect impacts? (2 categories)
= FLEA
NOT host specific!
2 most common species?
1. C. CANIS (dog flea)
2. C. FELIS (cat flea)
morphology?
1. has 2 combs!
GENAL = MOUTH, PRONOTAL = neck
2 DIRECT impacts?
1. flea allergy hypersensitivity = MOST COMMON, due to FLEA SALIVARY ANTIGEN
2. anemia = due to HIGH number of fleas
4 INDIRECT impacts? –> PARASITES & BACTERIA
1. Dipylidium caninum = GI TAPEWORM, need to ELIMINATE FLEAS if this is found or else HOST RE-INFECTED
2. Acanthocheilonema reconditum = NEMATODE, found as MF in blood smear
3. Bartonella henselae = CAT SCRATCH FEVER
4. Rickettsia spp
identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism
** identifying factor?
XENOPSYELLA CHEOPIS
FLEA
** MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & oragnism
** identifying factor?
PULLEX IRRITANS
FLEA
** NO MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE
XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS…
what organism is this?
“common name?”
3 hosts?
morphology? (2)
2 INDIRECT impacts?
= FLEA
“oriental rat flea”
3 hosts?
1. rats
2. humans
3. dogs
morphology?
1. NO COMBS
2. has MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE
2 INDIRECT impacts? –> vector of…
1. PLAGUE (Yersinia pestis)
2. MURINE TYPHUS (Rickettsia typhi)
PULLEX IRRITANS
what organism is this?
“common name?”
5 hosts? (**one uncommon)
morphology?
2 INDIRECT impacts?
= FLEA
“human flea”
5 hosts?
1. dogs
2. cats
3. swine
4. wildlife
5. HUMANS –> actually more common in ANIMALS
morphology?
1. NO COMBS
2. NO MESOPLEURAL ROD on SECOND THORACIC SEGMENT
2 INDIRECT impacts? –> vector for…
1. PLAGUE (yersinia pestis)
2. MURINE TYPHUS (rickettsia typhi)
LICE…
Phylum –> Class –> Order?
4 key characteristics?
life cycle?
lice & host relationship? (3)
transmission? (2)
location? (1)
prevalence/seasonality? (2)
Phylum = Arthropoda –> Class = Insecta –> Order = Phthiraptera
4 traits?
1. SMALL
2. WINGLESS
3. DORSO-VENTRALLY FLATTENED
4. THORAX FUSED
life cycle?
1. INCOMPLETE metamorphosis = immature stages VERY SIMILAR to adult stage
lice + host?
1. **ALWAYS LIVE ON HOST, NEVER IN ENVIRONMENT
2. Remain with same host for entire life (3-4 weeks)
3. UNABLE TO LIVE MORE THAN 1-2 DAYS OFF OF HOST
transmission?
1. Via DIRECT CONTACT (host-to-host) and MECHANICAL VECTORS (flies)
2. Eggs glue to hair/feathers
location?
1. many are SITE-SPECIFIC
prevalence/seasonality?
1. MORE prevalent in cattle/sheep in LATE FALL and WINTER
2. LESS prevalent in WARM WEATHER
SUCKING lice…
suborder?
3 traits?
host?
feeds on.. **
what GENUS is sucking lice?
SUBORDER = ANOPLURA
3 traits?
1. HEAD NARROWER THAN THORAX
2. THICKENED legs
3. PRONOUNCED CLAWS
host? = MAMMALS ONLY
feeds on BLOOD for ALL LIFE STAGES/SEXES
what GENUS? = LIGNATHUS
LIGNATHUS VITULI…
what organism is this?
suborder?
“common name?”
host & what 2 specific kinds are common?
common locations? (2)
clinical signs? (2)
prevalence? (1)
SUCKING LICE
suborder = ANOPLURA
“Long-nosed cattle louse”
host?
–> CATTLE, calves and dairy stock common
locations?
1. DEWLAP
2. SHOULDERS
clinical signs?
1. STRESS
2. PRODUCTION LOSS
WORLDWIDE prevalence
describe WHAT ORGANISM & TYPE
**what helps indicate?
SUCKING LICE, head is SMALLER THAN THORAX
identify GENUS/SPECIES & what ORGANISM
“common name?”
LIGNATHUS VITULI
SUCKING LICE
“long-nosed cattle louse”
identify GENUS/SPECIES & what ORGANISM
LIGNATHUS SETOSUS
SUCKING LICE
LIGNATHUS SETOSUS…
what organism is this?
“common name”
host & specific breed? (1)
locations? (3)
clinical signs? (3)
SUCKING LICE
“Dog biting louse”
Host?
–> Dogs = MORE COMMON IN LONG-EARED BREEDS
Locations?
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Beneath collars
Clinical signs?
1. Pruritus
2. Discomfort
3. Anemia
CHEWING or BITING LICE…
2 suborders?
morphology? (2)
hosts? (2)
feeds on.. (3)
specific GENUS?
suborders = amblycera & ischnocera
morphology?
1. HEAD BIGGER THAN THORAX
2. CHEWING MOUTHPARTS
hosts?
1. mammals
2. birds
feeds on…
1. EPIDERMAL TISSUE DEBRIS
2. SEBACEOUS SECRETIONS
3. Some species might feed on blood and cause wounds but NOT COMMON
specific GENUS = DAMALINA
identify TYPE OF ORGANISM
CHEWING LICE
DAMALINA BOVIS
type of organism?
“common name?”
locations? (4)
hosts? (2, one species)
clinical signs? (3)
CHEWING/BITING LICE
“Cattle biting louse” = ONLY CHEWING LOUSE IN CATTLE
Locations?
1. Base of tail
2. Shoulders
3. Top line of back
4. Head
Hosts?
1. DAIRY CATTLE
2. BEEF CATTLE
Clinical signs?
1. Intense irritation
2. Pruritus
3. Alopecia
identify GENUS/SPECIES & type of organism
DAMALINA BOVIS
CHEWING/BITING LICE
identify GENUS/SPECIES & type of organism
DAMALINA EQUI
CHEWING/BITING LICE
DAMALINA EQUI…
“common name?” * something special
locations? (5)
clinical signs? (4)
“Horse biting louse” = MOST COMMON ECTOPARASITE OF HORSES
Locations?
- Head
- Mane
- Side of neck
- Flanks
- Base of tail
Clinical signs?
- Irritation
- Rough hair
- Alopecia
- POSSIBLY skin infections
lice infestation…
= medical term for it?
what season is it most common?
2 main clinical signs in LA/SA?
2 ways to diagnose?
main treatment?
= PEDICULOSIS
most common in the WINTER
2 main clinical signs?
1. ANEMIA
2. PRURITUS
2 ways to diagnose?
1. ID under microscope
2. COMB or HAIR/FEATHER PLUCK
treatment = INSECTICIDE/FLEA PRODUCTS
