Defense & Barriers 2: Ectoparasites Flashcards by Nellie O'Leary

ARTHROPODS…
Phylum?
Class & order for…
Ticks?
Flies?
Mites?
Fleas?
Lice?

PHYLUM = ARTHROPODA

CLASS = ARACHNIDA
ORDER = ACARI (ticks, mites)

CLASS = INSECTA
ORDER = DIPTERA (flies)
ORDER = PHTHIRAPTERA (lice)
ORDER = SIPHONAPTERA (fleas)

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what 3 organisms are NOT good for INDIRECT TRANSMISSION of pathogens?

MITES, FLEAS & LICE

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MITES…
3 main characteristics? (size, 2 about anatomy)

5 types of mites with names of GENUS? (hint: one of them has 2 sub-categories)

3 main characteristics?
1. MICROSCOPIC or VERY SMALL in size
2. MOUTHPARTS are DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO BODY
3. NO BASIS CAPITULUM (thing between mouthparts & body) or SHIELD/SCUTUM

5 types of mites w/ GENUS names?
1. MANGE mites
–> BURROWING = Sarcoptes, notoedres, demodex
–> NON-BURROWING = Psoroptes, chorioptes, otodectes
2. WALKING DANDRUFF = cheyletiella
3. NASAL MITES = pneumonyssoides
4. CHIGGERS = trombicula
5. POULTRY MITES = ornithonyssus, dermanyssus

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BURROWING mites…
what type of mite is this?
1 main characteristic?
3 organisms? (say something about 2 of them)

these are MANGE mites

characteristic?
1. most burrow DEEP into dermis

3 organisms?
1. Sarcoptes scabiei = in stratum SPINOSUM
2. Notoedris cati
3. Demodex spp = doesn’t ACTUALLY burrow deep into skin, just HAIR FOLLICLES & SEBACEOUS GLANDS –> that’s why we need to get CAPILLARY BLEEDING on skin scraping!

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NON-BURROWING mites…
what type of mite is this?
2 main characteristics?
give 3 genus/species?

these are MANGE mites

2 characteristics?
1. on SURFACE of skin
2. ALL HAVE LONG LEGS

3 organism names?
1. Psoroptes spp
2. Chorioptes bovis
3. Otodectes cynotis

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MITES…
life cycle? (2, 4 stages & category)
what 4 things can they feed on?
what 2 places can they live?
host specificity?
zoonotic risk?

life cycle? = SIMPLE METAMORPHOSIS
1. All the major stages are morphologically similar to ADULT
2. Eggs –> larvae –> nymphs –> adult

what 4 things can they feed on?
1. host tissue
2. cellular debris
3. blood
4. lymph

what 2 places can they live?
1. ALWAYS on host
2. just FEED on host & live in ENVIRONMENT

host-specificity?
–> specific TO ONE TYPE OF HOST (mammals, birds, etc.)

zoonotic risk?
–> mites that affect DOGS/CATS HIGH LIKELIHOOD for ZOONOSES

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identify the GENUS & organism

MITE (POULTRY)

ORNITHONYSSUS

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

MITE (MANGE, BURROWING)

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

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SARCOPTES SCABIEI…
what kind of organism is this?
4 anatomical traits?
feeds on? (2)
contagion? (1)
hosts? (7, + what is usually NOT a host? what is reportable?)
2 host specificities? (+ ** what happens if the WRONG host gets WRONG bug?)

this is a MANGE, BURROWING MITE

4 anatomical traits?
1. MICROSCOPIC
2. OVAL-shaped
3. SHORT LEGS
4. LONG PEDICELS (end of leg)

feeds on?
1. LYMPH
2. EPITHELIAL cels

contagion? = HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!

hosts?
1. ruminants
2. humans
3. ferrets
4. dogs
5. pigs
6. wildlife
7. horses
** RARE in CATS, REPORTABLE in CATTLE in US

host SPECIFICITIES?
1. Sarcoptes scabiei var. CANIS = can affect DOGS & SOMETIMES HUMANS
** IF humans infected with CANIS, causes ATYPICAL, TRANSIENT DERMATITIS
2. Sarcoptes sabiei var. HOMINIS = HUMANS

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identify GENUS & organism

**What is this?

MITE (MANGE, BURROWING)

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

**LONG PEDICEL!!

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SARCOPTIES SCABIEI predilection sites for…
dog? (2)
pig? (4)
sheep/goat? (2, “name?”)
cattle? (3)
horse? (4)
wildlife? (1, something special about it)

Dogs
1. elbows
2. ears

Pigs
1.around the eyes
2. on nose
3.back
4. legs

Sheep/goat
1. head
2. neck
“head scab”

Cattle
1. head
2. neck
3. shoulders

Horse
1. head
2.neck
3. flanks
4. abdomen

Wildlife = RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes) is AFFECTED BY LETHAL FORM of SARCOPTIC MANGE

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5 clinical signs of SARCOPTES SCABIEI? (what’s the MAIN one?)
where does disease USUALLY START FOR ALL ANIMALS? (not a particular anatomical location)

MAIN ONE = SEVERE PRURITUS
HYPERKERATOSIS
ALOPECIA
REDDISH LESIONS covered with YELLOWISH CRUST
Severe self-trauma & secondary infections MAY occur

usually starts on RELATIVELY HAIRLESS areas of skin

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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NOTOEDRES CATI…
what kind of organism is this?
hosts? (4, include which is the MOST common)
morphology when compared to another bug? (2)
what kinds of lesions?
lesion distribution (4, include which is MOST common)
clinical signs? (4)

= MANGE, BURROWING MITE

hosts?
1. MOSTLY domestic cats/wild felids
2. rats
3. rabbits
4. humans (rarely)

morphology?
1. SMALLER than SARCOPTES
2. has DORSAL ANUS rather than TERMINAL ANUS in SARCOPTES

what kind of lesions? = CRUSTY lesions!

lesion distribution?
1. MOSTLY on EARS
2. face
3. paws
4. hindquarters

clinical signs?
1. marked hyperkeratosis
2. alopecia
3. self-trauma
4. pruritus

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

NOTOEDRES CATI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

NOTOEDRES CATI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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identify GENUS & organism

DEMODEX

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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identify GENUS & organism

DEMODEX

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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DEMODEX spp….
what kind of organism is this?
one uncommon “alternative name?”
location ON HOST? (2, NOT anatomical regions)
morphology? (1)
contagion/transmission?
host specificity?
clinical signs? (3, which one is MOST unusual/important?)

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

“red or puppy mange”

location?
1. considered NORMAL FAUNA of skin
2. lives in HAIR FOLLICLES & SEBACEOUS GLANDS, DOES NOT PENETRATE EPIDERIMIS

morphology? = LONG, cigar-shaped body

contagion/transmission? = NOT CONTAGIOUS, transmitted DIRECTLY FROM MOM TO NEONATE

host specificity? = mites are HOST-SPECIFIC, but MULTIPLE MITES can AFFECT ONE SPECIES

clinical signs? (3)
1. ALOPECIA due to DAMAGE TO FOLLICLES
2. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION from overpopulation
3. ** NO PRURITUS

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identify GENUS & organism

PSOROPTES

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

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identify GENUS & organism

**what is this?

PSOROPTES

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

**3 SEGMENTED PEDICELS

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identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

PSOROPTES CUNICULI

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

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PSOROPTES spp.... what kind of organism is this? morphology? (2) feeds on... (2) hosts? (3)

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE morphology? 1. LONG LEGS 2. 3 SEGMENTED PEDICELS feeds on SKIN and LYMPH hosts? 1. rabbits 2. ruminants 3. horses

PSOROPTES OVIS what kind of organism? 3 hosts? severity? reportable?

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE 3 hosts? 1. cattle 2. sheep 3. horses severity? = often UNSERIOUS reportable = YES

PSOROPTES CUNICULI what kind of organism? commonality? 3 hosts? 3 clinical signs? what DISEASE does it cause?

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite COMMON 3 hosts? 1. goats 2. horses 3. rabbits clinical signs? 1. CRUSTY ear canals/ear 2. otitis 3. pruritus disease = EAR CANKER

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

CHORIOPTES BOVIS = MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism **what is this?

CHORIOPTES BOVIS MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE **SHORT, UNSEGMENTED PEDICEL/STALK

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

CHORIOPTES BOVIS MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

CHORIOPTES BOVIS... what type of organism? "common name" of disease? 3 morphological traits? 5 hosts? (principle host, one is location-based & a common breed example?) histologic location? 3 gross lesion locations? feeds on... (1)

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE "Foot and Tail Mange" 3 morphological traits? 1. SMALL SIZE 2. LONG LEGS 3. SHORT, UNSEGMENTED PEDICELS 5 hosts? 1. CATTLE are principle 2. HORSES --> DRAFT breeds common 3. EAR CANAL of RABBITS 4. SHEEP 5. GOATS histologic location = SUPERFICIALLY in STRATUM CORNEUM (keratin layer) 3 gross lesions 1. TAIL 2. UDDER 3. LEGS feeds on EPIDERMAL TISSUES

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

CHORIOPTES BOVIS MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

when is CHORIOPTES BOVIS most prevalent? when does it tend to regress?

MOST PREVALENT in the LATE WINTER! will REGRESS once CATTLE LET OUT INTO PASTURE FOR SPRING

3 common names for OTODECTES CYNOTIS infection?

1. otodectic mange 2. otoacariasis 3. ear canker

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

OTODECTES CYNOTIS MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

OTODECTES CYNOTIS MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

OTODECTES CYNOTIS... what type of organism? morphology? (2) location? hosts? (4, including a specific example) cytological findings? (1) clinical signs? (2 dog, 1 cat)

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE morphology? 1. long legs 2. short, unsegmented pedicels location? = EXTERNAL EAR CANAL and ADJACENT SKIN 4 hosts? 1. horses 2. CATS --> MOST COMMON CAUSE OF OTITIS EXTERNA 3. dogs 4. ferrets cytology? 1. cerumen looks like COFFEE GROUNDS clinical signs DOG? 1. aural hematoma 2. self-trauma clinical sign CAT? 1. EXCORIATION around and in ears

identify GENUS & organism

CHEYLETIELLA = MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

identify GENUS & organism

CHEYLETIELLA = MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

CHEYLETIELLA.. what kind of organism is this? another "common name?" KEY characteristic? (1) 3 hosts? (+specificity, transient host?) survival? (1) 3 clinical signs? what should we be looking for & what test is NOT necessary? (1)

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE "walking dandruff" KEY characteristic? 1. CHELICERAE = CLAWS are in the HEAD of the mite 3 hosts? 1. dogs 2. cats 3. rabbits **HOST SPECIFIC FOR EACH SPECIES! **HUMANS can act as TRANSITORY/ACCIDENTAL host, but DO NOT TRANSMIT DISEASE can SURVIVE OFF of the host for LONGER PERIOD OF TIME than OTHER MITES clinical signs? (3) 1. exfoliative alopecia 2. pruritus 3. scaling looking for? 1. SMALL, MOVING MITES ON SKIN SURFACE & SKIN SCRAPING NOT NEEDED

identify GENUS & organism

CHEYLETIELLA = MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM... what type of organism is this? size? (1) host? (1) locations? (2) clinical signs? (5) diagnosis? (3, give what's USUALLY DONE and 2 others)

= NASAL MITE size? = VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE (large) host = DOGS locations? 1. NASAL sinuses 2. PARANASAL sinuses clinical signs? (5) 1. Nasal secretions 2. Rhinitis 3. Hyperemia of nasal mucosa 4. Chronic sneezing 5. Epistaxis diagnostics? 1. NASAL SWAB USUALLY BEST/easiest 2. ID mites on nasal planum 3. rhinoscopy

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM = NASAL MITE

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM = NASAL MITE

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM = NASAL MITE

label left to right

Chorioptes --> Otodectes --> Notoedres Psoroptes --> Sarcoptes

FLEAS... phylum --> class --> order? morphology? (6) life cycle/what it means? host specificity? feeds on? (1) locations of life stages? (2)

Phylum = Arthropoda --> Class = Inecta --> Order = Siphonaptera morphology? 1. SMALL 2. WINGLESS 3. HEAVILY CHINITIZED 4. COMBS 5. BILATERALLY FLATTENED 6. LEGS are MODIFIED for JUMPING life cycle/what it means? COMPLETE/COMPLEX metamorphosis, so IMMATURE STAGES DIFFERENT FROM MATURE host specificity? = NONE feeds on BLOOD locations of life stages? 1. adults FEED, COPULATE and LAY EGGS ON HOST 2. rest of life cycle is IN ENVIRONMENT

CTENOCEPHALIDES SPP... identify organism? host specificity? 2 most common SPECIES of the organism? morphology? (1, 2 types) 2 direct impacts? 4 indirect impacts? (2 categories)

= FLEA NOT host specific! 2 most common species? 1. C. CANIS (dog flea) 2. C. FELIS (cat flea) morphology? 1. has 2 combs! GENAL = MOUTH, PRONOTAL = neck 2 DIRECT impacts? 1. flea allergy hypersensitivity = MOST COMMON, due to FLEA SALIVARY ANTIGEN 2. anemia = due to HIGH number of fleas 4 INDIRECT impacts? --> PARASITES & BACTERIA 1. Dipylidium caninum = GI TAPEWORM, need to ELIMINATE FLEAS if this is found or else HOST RE-INFECTED 2. Acanthocheilonema reconditum = NEMATODE, found as MF in blood smear 3. Bartonella henselae = CAT SCRATCH FEVER 4. Rickettsia spp

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism ** identifying factor?

XENOPSYELLA CHEOPIS FLEA ** MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE

identify GENUS/SPECIES & oragnism ** identifying factor?

PULLEX IRRITANS FLEA ** NO MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE

XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS... what organism is this? "common name?" 3 hosts? morphology? (2) 2 INDIRECT impacts?

= FLEA "oriental rat flea" 3 hosts? 1. rats 2. humans 3. dogs morphology? 1. NO COMBS 2. has MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE 2 INDIRECT impacts? --> vector of... 1. PLAGUE (Yersinia pestis) 2. MURINE TYPHUS (Rickettsia typhi)

PULLEX IRRITANS what organism is this? "common name?" 5 hosts? (**one uncommon) morphology? 2 INDIRECT impacts?

= FLEA "human flea" 5 hosts? 1. dogs 2. cats 3. swine 4. wildlife 5. HUMANS --> actually more common in ANIMALS morphology? 1. NO COMBS 2. NO MESOPLEURAL ROD on SECOND THORACIC SEGMENT 2 INDIRECT impacts? --> vector for... 1. PLAGUE (yersinia pestis) 2. MURINE TYPHUS (rickettsia typhi)

LICE... Phylum --> Class --> Order? 4 key characteristics? life cycle? lice & host relationship? (3) transmission? (2) location? (1) prevalence/seasonality? (2)

Phylum = Arthropoda --> Class = Insecta --> Order = Phthiraptera 4 traits? 1. SMALL 2. WINGLESS 3. DORSO-VENTRALLY FLATTENED 4. THORAX FUSED life cycle? 1. INCOMPLETE metamorphosis = immature stages VERY SIMILAR to adult stage lice + host? 1. **ALWAYS LIVE ON HOST, NEVER IN ENVIRONMENT 2. Remain with same host for entire life (3-4 weeks) 3. UNABLE TO LIVE MORE THAN 1-2 DAYS OFF OF HOST transmission? 1. Via DIRECT CONTACT (host-to-host) and MECHANICAL VECTORS (flies) 2. Eggs glue to hair/feathers location? 1. many are SITE-SPECIFIC prevalence/seasonality? 1. MORE prevalent in cattle/sheep in LATE FALL and WINTER 2. LESS prevalent in WARM WEATHER

SUCKING lice... suborder? 3 traits? host? feeds on.. ** what GENUS is sucking lice?

SUBORDER = ANOPLURA 3 traits? 1. HEAD NARROWER THAN THORAX 2. THICKENED legs 3. PRONOUNCED CLAWS host? = MAMMALS ONLY feeds on BLOOD for ALL LIFE STAGES/SEXES what GENUS? = LIGNATHUS

LIGNATHUS VITULI... what organism is this? suborder? "common name?" host & what 2 specific kinds are common? common locations? (2) clinical signs? (2) prevalence? (1)

SUCKING LICE suborder = ANOPLURA “Long-nosed cattle louse” host? --> CATTLE, calves and dairy stock common locations? 1. DEWLAP 2. SHOULDERS clinical signs? 1. STRESS 2. PRODUCTION LOSS WORLDWIDE prevalence

describe WHAT ORGANISM & TYPE **what helps indicate?

SUCKING LICE, head is SMALLER THAN THORAX

identify GENUS/SPECIES & what ORGANISM "common name?"

LIGNATHUS VITULI SUCKING LICE "long-nosed cattle louse"

identify GENUS/SPECIES & what ORGANISM

LIGNATHUS SETOSUS SUCKING LICE

LIGNATHUS SETOSUS... what organism is this? "common name" host & specific breed? (1) locations? (3) clinical signs? (3)

SUCKING LICE “Dog biting louse” Host? --> Dogs = MORE COMMON IN LONG-EARED BREEDS Locations? 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Beneath collars Clinical signs? 1. Pruritus 2. Discomfort 3. Anemia

CHEWING or BITING LICE... 2 suborders? morphology? (2) hosts? (2) feeds on.. (3) specific GENUS?

suborders = amblycera & ischnocera morphology? 1. HEAD BIGGER THAN THORAX 2. CHEWING MOUTHPARTS hosts? 1. mammals 2. birds feeds on... 1. EPIDERMAL TISSUE DEBRIS 2. SEBACEOUS SECRETIONS 3. Some species might feed on blood and cause wounds but NOT COMMON specific GENUS = DAMALINA

identify TYPE OF ORGANISM

CHEWING LICE

DAMALINA BOVIS type of organism? "common name?" locations? (4) hosts? (2, one species) clinical signs? (3)

CHEWING/BITING LICE “Cattle biting louse” = ONLY CHEWING LOUSE IN CATTLE Locations? 1. Base of tail 2. Shoulders 3. Top line of back 4. Head Hosts? 1. DAIRY CATTLE 2. BEEF CATTLE Clinical signs? 1. Intense irritation 2. Pruritus 3. Alopecia

identify GENUS/SPECIES & type of organism

DAMALINA BOVIS CHEWING/BITING LICE

identify GENUS/SPECIES & type of organism

DAMALINA EQUI CHEWING/BITING LICE

DAMALINA EQUI... "common name?" * something special locations? (5) clinical signs? (4)

“Horse biting louse” = MOST COMMON ECTOPARASITE OF HORSES Locations? - Head - Mane - Side of neck - Flanks - Base of tail Clinical signs? - Irritation - Rough hair - Alopecia - POSSIBLY skin infections

lice infestation... = medical term for it? what season is it most common? 2 main clinical signs in LA/SA? 2 ways to diagnose? main treatment?

= PEDICULOSIS most common in the WINTER 2 main clinical signs? 1. ANEMIA 2. PRURITUS 2 ways to diagnose? 1. ID under microscope 2. COMB or HAIR/FEATHER PLUCK treatment = INSECTICIDE/FLEA PRODUCTS