Digestion & Metabolism 2: Maxillofacial & Oral Dz Flashcards
CAUSES of STOMATITIS… (4, including 2 medications)
- UREMIA
- ELECTRICAL CORD INJURY
- Contact with CHEMICALS
- DRUG interactions
–> CEPHALOSPORINS
–> ANTIBIOTICS (amoxicillin)
ID DZ
STOMATITIS
EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA…
lesion locations in SMALL and LARGE BREED DOGS?
2 lesion types/locations in CATS?
can also cause ____ _____
SMALL dog breeds = PALATE & TONGUE
LARGE dog breeds = LIPS
cats?
1. ULCER in LIP
2. MASSES in LIPS or TONGUE
eosinophilic granuloma can also cause PALATE DEFECTS
ID DZ
EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA (in a cat)
3 types of MANDIBULAR fractures?
it’s RARE TO ONLY have fractures in the…
- SYMPHYSEAL SEPARATION = separation of MANDIBLE, usually associated with OTHER FRACTURES IN SKULL or TMJ luxation
- TMJ = HARD to see on RADS but can have ANKYLOSIS
- BODY OF MANDIBLE
RARE to only have fractures in the MANDIBLE, usually MULTIPLE ON MAXILLA/MANDIBLE
MAXILLOFACIAL trauma…
diagnostics? (2)
treatment tends to be (2), and includes… (3)
diagnostics?
1. ORAL EXAM
2. IMAGING (rads or CT)
treatment tends to be…
1. CONSERVATIVE
2. MINIMALLY INVASIVE
and includes…
1. PLATING
2. RESECTIVE PROCEDURES
3. TAPE MUZZLE
TMJ LUXATION…
most frequent in WHAT species & WHAT presentation?
causes WHAT clinical sign?
treatment?
usually CATS and ROSTRODORSAL LUXATION = mandible shifts towards OPPOSITE SIDE OF LUXATION and ROSTRALLY
clinical sign?
–> INABILITY TO CLOSE MOUTH and MALOCCLUSION
treatment?
–> CLOSE REDUCTION ASAP w/ HEXAGONAL WOODEN PENCIL between CARNASSIALS
how can we tell if an animal has a MALALIGNED/DEVIATED/potential TMJ luxation?
DRAW A STRAIGHT LINE DOWN FROM CENTER OF INCISORS
LIP AVULSION…
= definition?
what is ALWAYS a cause? & include 1 common example
occurs in WHAT PARTS of lip? (2)
can find WHAT kind of tissue present?
treatment? (2)
= SOFT TISSUES of the lip DETACH FROM BONE
cause?
1. ALWAYS traumatic
2. usually from BEING HIT BY CAR, chin hits the ground
occurs in…
1. UPPER lip
2. LOWER lip
can find GRANULATION tissue present if SKIN DOES NOT COME OFF
treatment?
1. CLEAN EVERYTHING/SOFT TISSUE DEBRIDEMENT
2. SUTURES
ID LESION
LIP AVULSION
OPEN MOUTH JAW LOCKING…
commonality?
a dog and cat breed it’s common in?
presentation/clinical sign?
pathophys? (2)
localization?
treatment? (2)
UNCOMMON
common in BASSET HOUNDS & PERSIANS
presentation/clinical sign?
–> pet CANNOT CLOSE MOUTH/SCREAMING
pathophys?
1. LAXITY of TMJ or SYMPHYSIS causes DISPLACEMENT OF CORONOID PROCESS LATERALLY when pet OPENS MOUTH
2. CORONOID LOCKED INTO ZYGOMATIC ARCH
treatment?
1. UNLOCK for temporary relief
2. CORONOIDECTOMY/ZYGOMECTOMY
describe lesion in red & DZ
CORONOID PROCESS locked into ZYGOMATIC ARCH & causing OPEN MOUTH JAW LOCKING
TMJ ANKYLOSIS…
= aka?
due to…
treatment?
= aka FUSION OF JAW
due to…
–> FIBROUS/BONY UNION between MANDIBLE & TEMPORAL BONE or ZYGOMATIC ARCH
treatment?
= we can REMOVE the fused area but chance of recurrence, so BETTER TO REMOVE PART OF THE JAW
CRANIOMANDIBULAR OSTEOPATHY…
what TYPE of DZ is this?
common in WHAT age dogs/during what period?
causes _____ ____ in 3 locations…
usually ___-___ & ____ with age
what BREED is predisposed?
potentially dangerous clinical sign?
drug treatment? (2)
DEVELOPMENTAL DZ
common in YOUNG DOGS ~5 MONTHS during the GROWING PERIOD
causes PERIOSTEAL PROLIFERATION in…
1. MANDIBLE
2. TYMPANIC BULLA
3. OCCIPITAL CREST
usually SELF-LIMITING and DISSIPATES with age
WESTIES predisposed
drugs?
1. PAIN MEDS
2. ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES
ID DZ & why
CRANIOMANDIBULAR OSTEOPATHY
can see THICKENING OF MANDIBLE & TYMPANIC BULLA
MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIES…
what type of DZ is this?
pathophys?
causes INFLAMMATION in WHAT TYPE of muscles & 3 EXAMPLES?
3 clinical signs?
diagnosis? (2, but done TOGETHER)
treatment?
AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY
pathophys?
–> ANTIBODIES made against 2M FIBERS will DESTROY MUSCLES
= causes INFLAMMATION of the MASTICATORY muscles…
1. MASSETER
2. TEMPORALIS
3. PTERYGOID MUSCLES
3 clinical signs?
1. ATROPHY
2. SWELLING (if acute)
3. EXOPHTHALMOS/ocular PAIN
diagnosis?
1. 2M ANTIBODY TITER
2. + MUSCLE BIOPSY (immunohistochemistry)
treatment?
–> IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
ID DZ & clinical sign!
MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS
can see ATROPHY of TEMPORALIS/MASTICATORY muscles!
what DISEASE is indicated by BRIGHTNESS/HYPERATTENUATION? what PATHOLOGIC finding is it showing?
what 2 things should we rule out before jumping to this diagnosis?
MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS, it’s showing INFLAMMATION
2 rule-outs?
1. TUMORS causing inflammation
2. FOREIGN BODIES causing inflammation
CALCINOSIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA…
usually occurs on the ____, but this disease is NOT ____
3 common breeds? generally occurs in what type of dogs?
clinical signs?
TONGUE, COMMON
3 common breeds?
1. GERMAN SHEPHERD
2. LABS
3. ROTTIES
–> usually YOUNG, LARGE BREEDS
clinical signs?
1. LARGE, SOMETIMES PAINFUL MASSES with WHITE DEPOSITS INSIDE
ID DZ
CALCINOSIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA
SIALOCELES
= definition?
what is this NOT?
what GLAND is most commonly affected?
4 types?
how to diagnose which gland is affected?
treatment? (1)
= ACCUMULATION OF SALIVA in SUBMUCOSAL or SQ TISSUE due to RUPTURE of GLAND/DUCT
this is NOT A CYST
SUBLINGUAL gland is MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED
4 types?
1. PHARYNGEAL
2. CERVICAL –> usually PAROTID salivary gland
3. SUBLINGUAL
4. PERIORBITAL
diagnosis?
–> usually PUT CONTRAST MEDIUM INTO SALIVARY DUCT do CT to see WHAT GLAND IS AFFECTED/HAS LEAKAGE
treatment?
–> EXCISION OF THE GLAND or DUCT COMPLEX
ID DZ & GLAND AFFECTED
SIALOCELE in the SUBLINGUAL salivary gland
ID DZ & GLAND AFFECTED
SIALOCELE in the PAROTID salivary gland
TUMORS in the mouth…
everything that’s an ____ can POTENTIALLY be a tumor, and if unsure you should TAKE A ___
ULCER, BIOPSY
PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA…
what GROSS LESION do we usually see? (2)
what can we see on RADS? (1)
what’s needed to confirm this?
gross lesion?
1. RAISED ENLARGEMENT of GINGIVA
2. likely NOT ULCERATED
rads?
1. possible to see MINERALIZATION of teeth
BIOPSY TO CONFIRM
ID DZ & lesion
PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
RAISED ENLARGEMENT OF GINGIVA without ULCERATION
ID DZ & rad finding
PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
can see MINERALIZATION of the teeth (coming off of center tooth)
ACANTHOMATOUS AMELOBLASTOMA is often ____ or at least ____ ____
BENIGN or LESS AGGRESSIVE
ID LEFT VS RIGHT CIRCLED STRUCTURE?
LEFT = NORMAL salivary gland
RIGHT = COMPLETELY RUPTURED salivary gland
ID DZ…
this dz is HIGHLY ___ with HIGH POTENTIAL FOR ____
ORAL MELANOMA
highly MALIGNANT with HIGH POTENTIAL FOR METASTASIS
ID DZ…
this disease is (aggressive/benign)
what happens in LATE dz? what can we do preventatively?
FIBROSARCOMA
this disease is AGGRESSIVE
in LATE DZ WILL METASTASIZE, so good to have GOOD MARGINS
