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Year 1/2 > Digestion & Metabolism 2: Maxillofacial & Oral Dz > Flashcards

Digestion & Metabolism 2: Maxillofacial & Oral Dz Flashcards

1
Q

CAUSES of STOMATITIS… (4, including 2 medications)

A
  1. UREMIA
  2. ELECTRICAL CORD INJURY
  3. Contact with CHEMICALS
  4. DRUG interactions
    –> CEPHALOSPORINS
    –> ANTIBIOTICS (amoxicillin)
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2
Q

ID DZ

A

STOMATITIS

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3
Q

EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA…
lesion locations in SMALL and LARGE BREED DOGS?
2 lesion types/locations in CATS?
can also cause ____ _____

A

SMALL dog breeds = PALATE & TONGUE

LARGE dog breeds = LIPS

cats?
1. ULCER in LIP
2. MASSES in LIPS or TONGUE

eosinophilic granuloma can also cause PALATE DEFECTS

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4
Q

ID DZ

A

EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA (in a cat)

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5
Q

3 types of MANDIBULAR fractures?

it’s RARE TO ONLY have fractures in the…

A
  1. SYMPHYSEAL SEPARATION = separation of MANDIBLE, usually associated with OTHER FRACTURES IN SKULL or TMJ luxation
  2. TMJ = HARD to see on RADS but can have ANKYLOSIS
  3. BODY OF MANDIBLE

RARE to only have fractures in the MANDIBLE, usually MULTIPLE ON MAXILLA/MANDIBLE

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6
Q

MAXILLOFACIAL trauma…
diagnostics? (2)
treatment tends to be (2), and includes… (3)

A

diagnostics?
1. ORAL EXAM
2. IMAGING (rads or CT)

treatment tends to be…
1. CONSERVATIVE
2. MINIMALLY INVASIVE

and includes…
1. PLATING
2. RESECTIVE PROCEDURES
3. TAPE MUZZLE

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7
Q

TMJ LUXATION…

most frequent in WHAT species & WHAT presentation?

causes WHAT clinical sign?

treatment?

A

usually CATS and ROSTRODORSAL LUXATION = mandible shifts towards OPPOSITE SIDE OF LUXATION and ROSTRALLY

clinical sign?
–> INABILITY TO CLOSE MOUTH and MALOCCLUSION

treatment?
–> CLOSE REDUCTION ASAP w/ HEXAGONAL WOODEN PENCIL between CARNASSIALS

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8
Q

how can we tell if an animal has a MALALIGNED/DEVIATED/potential TMJ luxation?

A

DRAW A STRAIGHT LINE DOWN FROM CENTER OF INCISORS

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9
Q

LIP AVULSION…
= definition?
what is ALWAYS a cause? & include 1 common example
occurs in WHAT PARTS of lip? (2)
can find WHAT kind of tissue present?
treatment? (2)

A

= SOFT TISSUES of the lip DETACH FROM BONE

cause?
1. ALWAYS traumatic
2. usually from BEING HIT BY CAR, chin hits the ground

occurs in…
1. UPPER lip
2. LOWER lip

can find GRANULATION tissue present if SKIN DOES NOT COME OFF

treatment?
1. CLEAN EVERYTHING/SOFT TISSUE DEBRIDEMENT
2. SUTURES

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10
Q

ID LESION

A

LIP AVULSION

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11
Q

OPEN MOUTH JAW LOCKING…
commonality?
a dog and cat breed it’s common in?
presentation/clinical sign?
pathophys? (2)
localization?
treatment? (2)

A

UNCOMMON

common in BASSET HOUNDS & PERSIANS

presentation/clinical sign?
–> pet CANNOT CLOSE MOUTH/SCREAMING

pathophys?
1. LAXITY of TMJ or SYMPHYSIS causes DISPLACEMENT OF CORONOID PROCESS LATERALLY when pet OPENS MOUTH
2. CORONOID LOCKED INTO ZYGOMATIC ARCH

treatment?
1. UNLOCK for temporary relief
2. CORONOIDECTOMY/ZYGOMECTOMY

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12
Q

describe lesion in red & DZ

A

CORONOID PROCESS locked into ZYGOMATIC ARCH & causing OPEN MOUTH JAW LOCKING

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13
Q

TMJ ANKYLOSIS…
= aka?
due to…
treatment?

A

= aka FUSION OF JAW

due to…
–> FIBROUS/BONY UNION between MANDIBLE & TEMPORAL BONE or ZYGOMATIC ARCH

treatment?
= we can REMOVE the fused area but chance of recurrence, so BETTER TO REMOVE PART OF THE JAW

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14
Q

CRANIOMANDIBULAR OSTEOPATHY…
what TYPE of DZ is this?
common in WHAT age dogs/during what period?
causes _____ ____ in 3 locations…
usually ___-___ & ____ with age
what BREED is predisposed?
potentially dangerous clinical sign?
drug treatment? (2)

A

DEVELOPMENTAL DZ

common in YOUNG DOGS ~5 MONTHS during the GROWING PERIOD

causes PERIOSTEAL PROLIFERATION in…
1. MANDIBLE
2. TYMPANIC BULLA
3. OCCIPITAL CREST

usually SELF-LIMITING and DISSIPATES with age

WESTIES predisposed

drugs?
1. PAIN MEDS
2. ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES

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15
Q

ID DZ & why

A

CRANIOMANDIBULAR OSTEOPATHY

can see THICKENING OF MANDIBLE & TYMPANIC BULLA

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16
Q

MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIES…
what type of DZ is this?
pathophys?
causes INFLAMMATION in WHAT TYPE of muscles & 3 EXAMPLES?
3 clinical signs?
diagnosis? (2, but done TOGETHER)
treatment?

A

AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY

pathophys?
–> ANTIBODIES made against 2M FIBERS will DESTROY MUSCLES

= causes INFLAMMATION of the MASTICATORY muscles…
1. MASSETER
2. TEMPORALIS
3. PTERYGOID MUSCLES

3 clinical signs?
1. ATROPHY
2. SWELLING (if acute)
3. EXOPHTHALMOS/ocular PAIN

diagnosis?
1. 2M ANTIBODY TITER
2. + MUSCLE BIOPSY (immunohistochemistry)

treatment?
–> IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

17
Q

ID DZ & clinical sign!

A

MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS

can see ATROPHY of TEMPORALIS/MASTICATORY muscles!

18
Q

what DISEASE is indicated by BRIGHTNESS/HYPERATTENUATION? what PATHOLOGIC finding is it showing?

what 2 things should we rule out before jumping to this diagnosis?

A

MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS, it’s showing INFLAMMATION

2 rule-outs?
1. TUMORS causing inflammation
2. FOREIGN BODIES causing inflammation

19
Q

CALCINOSIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA…
usually occurs on the ____, but this disease is NOT ____
3 common breeds? generally occurs in what type of dogs?
clinical signs?

A

TONGUE, COMMON

3 common breeds?
1. GERMAN SHEPHERD
2. LABS
3. ROTTIES
–> usually YOUNG, LARGE BREEDS

clinical signs?
1. LARGE, SOMETIMES PAINFUL MASSES with WHITE DEPOSITS INSIDE

20
Q

ID DZ

A

CALCINOSIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA

21
Q

SIALOCELES
= definition?
what is this NOT?
what GLAND is most commonly affected?
4 types?
how to diagnose which gland is affected?
treatment? (1)

A

= ACCUMULATION OF SALIVA in SUBMUCOSAL or SQ TISSUE due to RUPTURE of GLAND/DUCT

this is NOT A CYST

SUBLINGUAL gland is MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED

4 types?
1. PHARYNGEAL
2. CERVICAL –> usually PAROTID salivary gland
3. SUBLINGUAL
4. PERIORBITAL

diagnosis?
–> usually PUT CONTRAST MEDIUM INTO SALIVARY DUCT do CT to see WHAT GLAND IS AFFECTED/HAS LEAKAGE

treatment?
–> EXCISION OF THE GLAND or DUCT COMPLEX

22
Q

ID DZ & GLAND AFFECTED

A

SIALOCELE in the SUBLINGUAL salivary gland

23
Q

ID DZ & GLAND AFFECTED

A

SIALOCELE in the PAROTID salivary gland

24
Q

TUMORS in the mouth…
everything that’s an ____ can POTENTIALLY be a tumor, and if unsure you should TAKE A ___

A

ULCER, BIOPSY

25
Q

PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA…
what GROSS LESION do we usually see? (2)
what can we see on RADS? (1)
what’s needed to confirm this?

A

gross lesion?
1. RAISED ENLARGEMENT of GINGIVA
2. likely NOT ULCERATED

rads?
1. possible to see MINERALIZATION of teeth

BIOPSY TO CONFIRM

26
Q

ID DZ & lesion

A

PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA

RAISED ENLARGEMENT OF GINGIVA without ULCERATION

27
Q

ID DZ & rad finding

A

PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA

can see MINERALIZATION of the teeth (coming off of center tooth)

28
Q

ACANTHOMATOUS AMELOBLASTOMA is often ____ or at least ____ ____

A

BENIGN or LESS AGGRESSIVE

29
Q

ID LEFT VS RIGHT CIRCLED STRUCTURE?

A

LEFT = NORMAL salivary gland

RIGHT = COMPLETELY RUPTURED salivary gland

30
Q

ID DZ…

this dz is HIGHLY ___ with HIGH POTENTIAL FOR ____

A

ORAL MELANOMA

highly MALIGNANT with HIGH POTENTIAL FOR METASTASIS

31
Q

ID DZ…

this disease is (aggressive/benign)

what happens in LATE dz? what can we do preventatively?

A

FIBROSARCOMA

this disease is AGGRESSIVE

in LATE DZ WILL METASTASIZE, so good to have GOOD MARGINS

Year 1/2 (139 decks)

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