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Year 1/2 > Cognition & Senses 2: Anterior Uvea > Flashcards

Cognition & Senses 2: Anterior Uvea Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS of the CILIARY BODY?

what KIND of muscle is this?

where is it located?

A
  1. helps with LENS POSITION via ZONULAR LIGAMENTS
  2. PRODUCE AQUEOUS HUMOR and allows it to DRAIN

this is a SMOOTH muscle

located at the ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR chamber

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1
Q

what are the 3 COMPONENTS of the UVEAL TRACT?

blood supply?

A
  1. IRIS
  2. CILIARY BODY
  3. CHOROID

THIS IS VASCULAR

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2
Q

location of the POSTERIOR & ANTERIOR chambers?

BOTH are filled with…

A

ANTERIOR chamber = between the CORNEA & IRIS

POSTERIOR chamber = between IRIS & LENS

BOTH are filled with AQUEOUS HUMOR

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3
Q

UVEITIS..

= general definition?

2 sub-categories & what they mean?

what is PANUVEITIS?

A

= INFLAMMATION of the UVEAL TRACT

2 subs?
1. ANTERIOR uveitis = inflammation of the IRIS & CILIARY BODY

  1. POSTERIOR uveitis = inflammation of the CHOROID

PANUVEITIS = inflammation of ENTIRE UVEAL TRACT

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4
Q

the BLOOD-OCULAR barrier..

= function

what 2 compartments does it separate in the FRONT & BACK of the eye?

when UVEITIS…

A

= PREVENT LARGE PARTICLES from FREELY FLOWING BACK & FORTH via INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS

2 compartments?
1. FRONT = between ANTERIOR UVEAL TRACT & AQUEOUS HUMOR
2. BACK = between CHOROID & RETINA

when UVEITIS occurs, then this BARRIER IS DISRUPTED and so PROTEINS & BIG MOLECULES CAN GET THROUGH TO either AQUEOUS HUMOR or CHOROID

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5
Q

how does CORNEAL EDEMA occur from the…

OUTSIDE of the eye?

INSIDE of the eye?

A

OUTSIDE of the eye = CORNEAL ULCER causes TEAR FILM to SOAK INTO CORNEA

INSIDE of the eye = CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM is DYSFUNCTIONAL so Na/K cannot PUMP OUT FLUID

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6
Q

if we see RED in a NORMALLY BLUE IRIS, then what should we suspect?

what’s another term for this?

A

suspect IRIS HEMORRHAGE

aka RUBIOSIS IRIDIS

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7
Q

what is OCULAR HYPOTANY?

A

it’s LOW INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

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8
Q

UVEITIS CLINICAL SIGNS? (7)

which is PATHOGNOMONIC? (2)

A
  1. AQUEOUS FLARE (PROTEIN in FREE ANTERIOR CHAMBER)
    –> PATHOGNOMONIC
  2. HYPOPYON (WBCs in FREE ANTERIOR CHAMBER)
    –> PATHOGNOMONIC
  3. PHOTOPHOBIA
  4. EPIPHORA
  5. KERATIC PRECIPITATES
  6. LOW IOP
  7. MIOSIS (constricted pupils)
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9
Q

= what are KERATIC PRECIPITATES?

what DZ is this often seen in?

A

= WHITE BLOOD CELLS that are ADHERED TO THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM from the AQUEOUS HUMOR

often seen in UVEITIS

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10
Q

HYPOPYON definition

this is PATHOGNOMONIC for ___ because…

A

FREE WBCs settled out in the ANTERIOR CHAMBER

this is PATHOGNOMONIC for UVEITIS because it indicates LEAKY BLOOD VESSELS

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11
Q

AQUEOUS FLARE definition

PATHOGNOMONIC for…

A

= PROTEIN present in the AQUEOUS HUMOR and therefore ANTERIOR CHAMBER

PATHOGNOMONIC for UVEITIS

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12
Q

why is this ABNORMAL?

what is it? what’s the DZ?

A

we see CORNEAL REFLECTION, LENS REFLECTION & REFLECTION BETWEEN THEM

this is AQUEOUS FLARE, so likely UVEITIS

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13
Q

why do we have LOW IOP in UVEITIS?

A
  1. the CILIARY BODY MUSCLE is INFLAMED and NOT MAKING AS MUCH AQUEOUS HUMOR, causing LOWER IOP
  2. VASCULATURE is LEAKY so AQUEOUS HUMOR ESCAPING THROUGH UVEO-SCLERAL OUTFLOW
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14
Q

how does AQUEOUS HUMOR drain from the EYE? (2)

A
  1. drains through the IRIDO-CORNEAL ANGLE via HOLES between IRIS & CORNEA
  2. through VASCULATURE via UVEO-SCLERAL OUTFLOW
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15
Q

why do we see MIOSIS in UVEITIS?

A

INFLAMMATION of CILIARY MUSCLE causes CRAMPING, so CONSTRUCTION OF PUPIL

16
Q

SEQUELAE of UVEITIS if it goes UNTREATED LONG-TERM (give five)

A
  1. POSTERIOR SYNECHIAE = ADHESIONS between IRIS & LENS
  2. CATARACTS
  3. GLAUCOMA
  4. RETINAL DETACHMENT
  5. CILIARY BODY ATROPHY –> PHTHISIS BULBI
17
Q

ID & DEFINE LESION

A

POSTERIOR SYNECHIAE

the IRIS will form ADHESIONS TO THE LENS because of LEAKY VESSELS causing IRIS TO BECOME STICKY

18
Q

PHTHISIS BULBI definition

A

when the eye SHRINKS secondarily to END-STAGE DZ

19
Q

what is the MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CATARACTS?

A

UVEITIS

20
Q

how can UVEITIS cause BLINDNESS?

A

AQUEOUS HUMOR PRODUCTION gets altered, causing METABOLISM OF THE LENS to be altered and therefore VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

21
Q

why can UVEITIS cause GLAUCOMA when UVEITIS is normally associated with LOW IOP? (2)

what 2 findings on PE would we expect to find if UVEITIS caused GLAUCOMA?

A

why..?

  1. when vessels are LEAKY due to INFLAMMATION, then CELLS/PROTEIN will SPILL OUT OF VESSELS –> AQUEOUS HUMOR
  2. these materials can PLUG THE IRIDO-CORNEAL ANGLE and PREVENT AQUEOUS HUMOR FROM DRAINING –> GLAUCOMA

on exam…
1. HIGH IOP
2. AQUEOUS FLARE

22
Q

how can UVEITIS cause RETINAL DETACHMENT?

this usually occurs in ___ disease

A
  1. if the CHOROID VESSELS are LEAKY, then SERUM with BIG CELLS will GO INTO RETINAL
  2. cause SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT

this usually occurs in CHRONIC disease

23
Q

TREATMENT of UVEITIS? (3)

overall, MAINSTAY of Tx for UVEITIS is…

TOPICAL vs. SYSTEMIC route for medication?

A
  1. CORTICOSTEROIDS (topical, systemic, sub-conjunctival)
  2. NSAIDs (topical or systemic)
  3. ATROPINE

overall, MAINSTAY of Tx for UVEITIS is ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES!

do TOPICAL if INFLAMMATION IS JUST ANTERIOR (up to the lens), but if FURTHER BACK then we need SYSTEMIC

24
Q

ATROPINE..

what KIND of drug is this?

what does it do in UVEITIS?

what are LONG-TERM advantages? (2)

contraindication?

A

drug type = MYDRIATIC-CYCLOPLEGIC

in UVEITIS, will PARALYZE CILIARY MUSCLE, PUPIL/IRIS can DILATE, & help with OCULAR PAIN

LONG-TERM advantages?
1. can help PREVENT FORMATION OF SYNECHIAE

  1. PREVENTS or SLOWS DOWN deposition of PROTEIN & WBCs into ANTERIOR CHAMBER

contraindication? = DO NOT USE ATROPINE IN CATS!
–> because EYES ARE CLOSE TO NOSE, so if it GETS ONTO NOSE & they lick it, it can cause SPASMING & FOAMING AT MOUTH

25
Q

all MYDRIATIC DRUGS have a ___ top tube

all MIOTIC DRUGS have a ___ top tube

all OCULAR ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES have a ____ top tube

all GLAUCOMA drugs have a ___ top tube

A

RED = MYDRIASIS

GREEN = MIOSIS

GRAY = ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES

ORANGE = GLAUCOMA

26
Q

what is the MOST COMMON ETIOLOGY of UVEITIS in DOGS?

give 2 other possible etiologies & specific examples in them

A

IDIOPATHIC/IMMUNE-MEDIATED, generally WE DO NOT KNOW

2 others?
1. INFECTIOUS = EHRLICHIA CANIS common
2. NEOPLASTIC = LYMPHOMA

27
Q

when are TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS/NSAIDs CONTRAINDICATED for OCULAR USE?

A

when there’s CORNEAL ULCERS

28
Q

what is the MOST COMMON INTRAOCULAR NEOPLASTIC TUMOR that AFFECTS UVEAL TRACT?

A

LYMPHOMA

29
Q

INFECTIOUS UVEITIS…

= definition

treatment is GENERALLY… & give ETIOLOGIC AGENT

A

= UVEITIS caused by EYE INFECTION, RESPONSE to BACTERIAL TOXIN or IMMUNE RESPONSE to INFECTION

treatment is GENERALLY DOXYCYCLINE for E. CANIS

30
Q

dog comes in with RED LEFT EYE & 2 wk history of SYSTEMIC ILLNESS

DZ? etiology?

A

INFECTIOUS UVEITIS caused by E. CANIS

31
Q

if we see that the RIGHT EYE looks diseased in a patient, but when we shine a light on it the LEFT EYE still constricts (POSITIVE INDIRECT PLR), what does this mean? (2)

A
  1. the RETINA in the RIGHT EYE is STILL FUNCTIONAL
  2. instead, the IRIS is LIKELY PROBLEMATIC
32
Q

if the IRIS is clear, what OTHER 2 parts of the EYE are ALSO CLEAR?

if there’s still OPACITY in the eye, WHAT PART is OPAQUE?

A
  1. CORNEA
  2. AQUEOUS HUMOR

OPACITY is in the LENS

33
Q

UVEODERMATOLOGIC SYNDROME…

= definition

clinical signs? (2)

treatment? (2)

prognosis?

A

= SPONTANEOUS AUTOIMMUNE DZ targeting MELANIN-CONTAINING TISSUE

clinical signs?
1. UVEITIS signs causing PANUVEITIS
2. DEPIGMENTATION on NOSE & other MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTIONS –> LIPS & EYES WHITE

treatment?
1. SYSTEMIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS like AZATHIOPRINE or CYCLOSPORINE

prognosis? = POOR FOR VISION

34
Q

LENS-INDUCED UVEITIS…

= definition

PHACOLYTIC vs. PHACOCLASTIC type?

prognosis for both types?

A

= IMMUNE RESPONSE to LENS PROTEINS leaking through a CATARACT

PHACOLYTIC = INFLAMMATION causing leakage of PROTEINS through HYPERMATURE CATARACT

PHACOCLASTIC = LENS CAPSULE RUPTURE causing UVEITIS

prognosis…
PHACOLYTIC = GOOD
PHAGOCLASTIC = POOR

35
Q

ID DZ & ETIOLOGY

A

UVEODERMATOLOGIC SYNDROME

etiology = AUTOIMMUNE

36
Q

GOLDEN RETRIEVER PIGMENTARY UVEITIS…

= definition

clinical signs? (3)

prognosis?

A

= UVEITIS caused by INTRAOCULAR CYST formation & PIGMENT DISPERSION

clinical signs?
1. UVEAL CYSTS
2. PIGMENT on CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM
3. RADIATING PIGMENT STREAKS on ANTERIOR LENS CAPSULE

prognosis? = POOR FOR VISION

37
Q

UVEITIS in CATS…

is often a result of ___ DISEASE

5 common causes?

prognosis?

A

is often a result of SYSTEMIC DISEASE

5 common causes?
1. FIP
2. FeLV
3. FIV
4. TOXO
5. CRYPTO

prognosis? = POOR for VISION & LIFE

Year 1/2 (139 decks)

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