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Year 1/2 > Cognition & Senses 2: Intracranial Neoplasia > Flashcards

Cognition & Senses 2: Intracranial Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

DOGS vs. CATS with CNS TUMOR INCIDENCE?

A

DOGS > CATS

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2
Q

MENINGIOMA..

this is a ____ BRAIN TUMOR

originates from the…

A

this is a PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR

originates from the NEURAL CREST

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3
Q

SCHWANNOMA

this is a ___ BRAIN TUMOR

originates from the…

A

this is a PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR

originates from the NEURAL CREST

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4
Q

GLIAL CELLS & NEURONS originate from the…

A

NEURAL TUBE

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5
Q

MOST PITUITARY GLAND TUMORS arise from the ____, which ORIGINATES from the ___ (___ in origin)

A

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS, ECTODERM, EPITHELIAL

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6
Q

TRUE/FALSE

brain tumors arising from the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS are COMMON in dogs/cats

A

FALSE, UNCOMMON

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7
Q

PACHYMENINGES = ??? (1)

LEPTOMENINGES? = ??? (2)

A

PACHYMENINGES? = DURA MATER

LEPTOMENINGES?
1. ARACHNOID MATER
2. PIA MATER

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8
Q

NAME…

yellow?

blue?

green?

A

yellow = TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

blue = INFRATENORIAL (CEREBELLUM)

green = SUPRETENTORIAL (CEREBRUM)

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9
Q

GLIOMAS tend to be more likely in dogs in WHAT AGE RANGE?

MENINGIOMAS tend to be more likely in dogs in WHAT AGE RANGE?

A

GLIOMAS = 4-8 YEARS OLD

MENINGIOMAS = 8-14 YEARS OLD

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10
Q

what is the MOST COMMON PRIMARY TUMOR TYPE in DOGS & CATS?

these tend to be EXTRA-____

A

MENINGIOMA

these tend to be EXTRA-MEDULLARY

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11
Q

TRUE/FALSE

we COMMONLY see MULTIPLE MENINGIOMAS in CATS

A

TRUE

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12
Q

what is the SECOND-MOST COMMON PRIMARY TUMOR TYPE IN DOGS?

name the 2 SUBTYPES and WHAT THEY ARISE FROM & WHAT THOSE CELLS DO/PRODUCE

these are ___-AXIAL TUMORS

A

GLIOMA

2 subtypes?
1. ASTROCYTOMAS = originate from ASTROCYTES that are SUPPORTING CELLS

  1. OLIGODENDROGLIOMAS = OLIGODENDROCYTES which PRODUCE MYELIN

these are INTRA-AXIAL TUMORS

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13
Q

CHOROID PLEXUS TUMORS tend to APPEAR in WHAT 2 LOCATIONS?

WHERE do they tend to METASTASIZE?

A

2 locations?
1. 4TH VENTRICLE
2. SPINAL CORD

METASTASIZE in the VENTRICLES commonly

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14
Q

EPENDYMOMA

commonality?

metastasis?

A

RARE

NO METASTASIS

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15
Q

6 common SECONDARY BRAIN TUMORS? (metastasize)

which is MOST COMMON?

A
  1. HSA –> MOST COMMON
  2. MELANOMA
  3. LYMPHOMA –> in YOUNGER ANIMALS
  4. CARCINOMA
  5. HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA
  6. OSTEOSARCOMA
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16
Q

PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS often occur in dogs of WHAT AGE?

name SPECIFIC BREED PREDISPOSITIONS…
–> GLIOMAS? (3)
–> MENINGIOMAS? (2)

A

most often occur in DOGS >5 YEARS

name SPECIFIC BREED PREDISPOSITIONS…
–> GLIOMAS? (3)
1. BOXER
2. BOSTON TERRIOR
3. BULLDOGS
–> MENINGIOMAS? (2)
1. MOST BREEDS
2. GOLDENS

17
Q

CEREBRAL or PITUITARY MASSES can be ___ ___ BEFORE….

A

VERY LARGE BEFORE CLINICAL SIGNS BECOME APPARENT

18
Q

PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS tend to present with… (2)

A
  1. VAGUE CHRONIC HISTORY
  2. OFTEN RAPID PROGRESSION or ACUTE DECOMPENSATION
19
Q

CLINICAL SIGNS of PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS? (3)

3 POSSIBLE DISEASES? (hint: all related)

A
  1. SEIZURES
  2. CP DEFICITS
  3. MENTATION CHANGES

3 diseases?
1. CENTRAL
2. PERIPHERAL
3. PARADOXICAL VESTIBULAR DZ

20
Q

what are the 2 the BEST DIAGNOSTICS for PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS?
–> which is REQUIRED for DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS

name 4 other methods

A

BEST 2 DIAGNOSTICS?
1. MRI
2. BIOPSY –> REQUIRED FOR DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS

name 4 others
1. SKULL RADS
2. CT
3. ELECTRODIAGNOSTICS
4. CSF ANALYSIS

21
Q

on CSF MOST NEOPLASIA tends to show…

A

INCREASED PROTEIN with NORMAL CELL COUNT

22
Q

3 DISEASES where we DO expect NEOPLASTIC CELLS on CSF?

is this the usual?

A
  1. LYMPHOMA
  2. HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA
  3. CHOROID PLEXUS TUMORS

NOT USUAL, NEOPLASTIC CELLS IN MINORITY OF CASES

23
Q

what is the TREATMENT (2) and PROGNOSIS for PALLIATIVE care for PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS?

A

TREATMENT?
1. AEDs
2. CORTICOSTEROIDS

PROGNOSIS = A FEW WEEKS to MONTHS

24
Q

what is the SURGICAL OPTION for MENINGIOMA?

MST?

A

SURGICAL OPTION = INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY

MST = 6 MONTHS to 7 YEARS

25
Q

what is the SURGICAL OPTION for GLIOMA?

MST?

A

SURGICAL OPTION = INTRAMEDULLARY

MST? = 3 MONTHS to 7 YEARS

26
Q

TRUE/FALSE

RADIATION THERAPY can INCREASE SURVIVAL when compared to SURGERY ALONE in DOGS WITH MENINGIOMA

27
Q

TRUE/FALSE

RADIATION THERAPY for PITUITARY TUMORS in dogs DOES NOT INCREASE SURVIVAL TIME

A

FALSE, INCREASES it by 3-4 YEARS

28
Q

name 3 DEFINITIVE therapies for BRAIN TUMORS

A
  1. SURGERY
  2. RADIATION
  3. CHEMOTHERAPY
29
Q

CHEMOTHERAPY for BRAIN TUMORS has WHAT as the MAJOR LIMITING FACTOR? why?

A

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, because only SOME DRUGS CAN CROSS IT

30
Q

PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR PE FINDINGS… if in the FOREBRAIN/FRONTAL LOBE

  1. MENTATION?
  2. GAIT/POSTURE?
  3. CN EXAM
  4. POSTURAL REACTIONS?
  5. SEGMENTAL REFLEXES?
  6. PALPATION?
A
  1. MENTATION = INAPPROPRIATE
  2. GAIT/POSTURE = CIRCLING TOWARDS LESION, HARD TO MOVE
  3. CN EXAM = ABSENT MENACE OD, NO PLOR
  4. POSTURAL REACTIONS = ABSENT PROPRIOCEPTIONS IN ALL LIMBS BUT WORSE ON ONE SIDE
  5. SEGMENTAL REFLEXES = NORMAL
  6. PALPATION = NORMAL

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