Digestion & Metabolism 2: Periodontal & Oral Dz Flashcards
periodontal disease…
= definition
4 components?
caused by..
often has a ____ cause
ULTIMATELY causes what presentation?
= INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF ALL PERIODONTAL TISSUES, including…
1. Gingiva
2. Periodontal ligament
3. Alveolar bone
4. Cementum
CAUSED by IMBALANCE BETWEEN BACTERIAL FLORA/PLAQUES in mouth & HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM
often has a MULTIFACTORIAL cause
ULTIMATELY causes…
–> LOSS OF BONE and DETACHMENT OF THE TOOTH
function of periodontal tissues?
help ATTACH TOOTH TO HEAD
what is a TOOTH FURCATION?
the area where the roots divide and branch into multiple teeth at a time
describe this STAGE OF PERIODONTAL DZ..?
weird one
likely STAGE II PERIODONTAL DISEASE, see <25% ATTACHMENT SEPARATION between TOOTH FURCATION and GINGIVA
5 stages of PERIODONTAL DISEASE?
include % attachment loss, furcation #, probe use and RADIOGRAPHIC findings
Stage I
–> ONLY GINGIVITIS
–> Don’t see ANYTHING ON RADIOGRAPHS because ANATOMY MAINTAINED & NO BONE LOSS
Stage II
–> <25% attachment loss at the tooth
–> Furcation 1
–> Can use PROBE to GO BETWEEN TOOTH ROOTS to determine if FURCATION SEPARATION is present!
Stage III
–> 25-50% attachment loss
–> Furcation II
–> Can use the probe to go INTO THE FURCATION and should go BEYOND HALF THE WIDTH OF THE BONE
–> BONE IS STILL PRESENT
Stage IV
–> >50% attachment loss
–> Furcation III
–> SEVERE = see BONE LOSS AND DETACHMENT OF THE TOOTH
describe the 3 parts of this picture in relation to PERIODONTAL DISEASE
T = tooth
G = gingiva
1 = NORMAL
–> gingiva and tooth can be separated by 1-3 mm sulcus
2 = GINGIVAL RECESSION & PERIODONTAL DZ
–> TOOTH ROOT EXPOSED and LARGER SULCUS CAN FORM
3 = POCKET FORMED and PERIODONTAL DZ
–> LARGER SULCUS FORMS
–> PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT LOST, so GINGIVA IS THICKENED
identify TOP and BOTTOM bubble findings on this radiograph
TOP = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
BOTTOM = BONE LOSS
ID the stage of periodontal DZ on LEFT and RIGHT tooth
LEFT = STAGE 4
RIGHT = STAGE 2
TREATMENT for PERIODONTAL DZ…
can be VARIABLE depending on what 5 things?
3 treatment options?
variable depending on…
1. severity
2. tooth affected
3. functional ability
4. owner compliance for toothbrushing/cleaning
5. patient
3 Tx options?
1. PROFESSIONAL dental cleaning
2. BONE & GUIDED tissue REGENERATION
3. GINGIVAL GRAFTS
TOOTH RESORPTION…
= definition?
what SPECIES/AGE is this most common in?
dz over time?
etiology? (2)
= OSTEOCLASTS start to DESTROY & RESORB the tooth and can REPLACE W/ OSTEOID
common in MIDDLE-AGED CATS
tends to be a PROGRESSIVE DZ
etiology?
1. IDIOPATHIC largely
2. potentially due to EXCESS VITAMIN D IN DIET
DESCRIBE LESION & WHAT AGE/SPECIES THIS IS MOST COMMON IN
TOOTH RESORPTION
MOST COMMON IN MIDDLE-AGED CATS
CLASSIFICATION of tooth resorption…
TYPE 1? (2 findings & treatment)
TYPE 2? (1 finding, & overall how the animal feels)
TYPE 1 = INFLAMMATORY resorption
1. bone loss USUALLY ASSOCIATED
2. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT still present
tx = EXTRACTION of affected teeth
TYPE 2 = REPLACEMENT RESORPTION
1. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT is REPLACED or GONE and becomes PART OF TURNOVER OF THE BONE
overall, animal feels USUALLY NON-PAINFUL unless inflammation remains
ID TYPE OF TOOTH RESORPTION
TYPE 1
ID TYPE OF TOOTH RESORPTION
TYPE 2
5 stages of TOOTH resorption?
WHAT ARE THEY BASED ON?
BASED ON DESTRUCTION OF THE TOOTH
Stage 1 = CANNOT BE SEEN ON RADS, ONLY affects the CEMENTUM
Stage 2 = affects SURFACE and goes IN, DENTIN now affected
Stage 3 = AFFECTS PULP
Stage 4 = affects CROWN or ROOT
Stage 5 = EVERYTHING IS RESORBED, CROWN NOT PRESENT & GRANULATION TISSUE IN GINGIVA
ID STAGE of TOOTH RESORPTION
STAGE 4
ID STAGE of TOOTH RESORPTION
STAGE 5
ENDODONTIC DZ…
affects WHAT part of the tooth?
caused by ____, WITH or WITHOUT ___ ___ and results in ____ or later ____ of the _____
if a tooth is DISCOLORED w/ this dz, it’s likely….
reversible vs. irreversible?
affects the DENTAL PULP
caused by TRAUMA, WITH or WITHOUT DENTAL FRACTURE and results in INFLAMMATION or later NECROSIS of the PULP
if a tooth is DISCOLORED, likely NON-VITAL bc becomes PALE BLACK FROM NECROSIS
reversible? = RECENT & ONLY PULPITIS
irreversible? = NECROSIS/NON-VITAL
ID lesion
TOOTH NECROSIS from ENDODONTIC DZ
ID lesion
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT SEPARATED FROM THE TOOTH due to TOOTH NECROSIS from ENDODONTIC DZ
ABSCESSES & DRAINING TRACTS…
can occur in WHAT types of diseases? (3)
DRAINAGE of ABSCESSES more commonly occurs where?
how do teeth grossly present? (2)
what types of dz?
1. PERIODONTAL DZ
2. ENDODONTIC DZ
3. BOTH
draining abscesses more commonly OCCUR IN MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION
gross presentation?
1. teeth can be FRACTURED
2. teeth could also look NORMAL
TOOTH FRACTURES…
2 types?
3 ways it can present grossly?
what 3 things are needed for a tooth to stay healthy?
2 types?
1. COMPLICATED = PULP AFFECTED
2. UNCOMPLICATED = pulp NOT AFFECTED OR EXPOSED
3 gross presentations?
1. CROWN ONLY can be involved
2. ROOT ONLY can be involved
3. BOTH
3 things for healthy tooth?
1. healthy crown
2. functional root system
3. healthy pulp
what TYPE of tooth fracture is this?
COMPLICATED (pulp affected/exposed)
what TYPE of tooth fracture is this?
UNCOMPLICATED (pulp NOT affected/exposed)
