Defense & Barriers 2: Pig Disease Flashcards
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA/BABY PIG ANEMIA…
causes? (2)
usually see ____ by ___-___ days of age
clinical signs? (6)
WHY do we see these clinical signs?
what 2 diseases can it SECONDARILY cause?
treatment/prevention? (both medication & when to give)
causes?
1. CONFINEMENT HOUSING/CROWDED HOUSING causes pigs to not get ENOUGH IRON
2. Pigs naturally have INSUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF IRON FROM MILK
usually see ANEMIA by 5-10 DAYS OF AGE
clinical signs?
1. UNTHRIFTY
2. PALE SKIN
3. EDEMA
4. DYSPNEA
5. LETHARGY/FATIGUE
6. ROUGH HAIR
why?
= clinical signs all the result of DECREASED RBCs and OXYGEN going through body
can SECONDARILY cause…
1. Diarrhea
2. Pneumonia
Treatment/prevention?
–> IM injection with 200 mg IRON DEXTRAN at 1-3 or 3-5 days of age!
Mycoplasma Suis (Eperythrozoonosis)…
= what is it?
clinical signs? (5, ONE is SEVERE CASES)
what age pigs?
diagnosis?
treatment?
= pathogen that GETS INTO RBCs and causes host Abs to DESTROY RBCs
clinical signs?
1. Listlessness
2. Fever
3. Anorexia
4. Hemolytic anemia
5. Icterus (SEVERE cases)
age of pigs?
–> YOUNG PIGS
diagnosis?
–> SEE ORGANISM IN BLOOD SMEARS with Giemsa or DiffQuik stains
treatment?
–> TETRACYCLINES in individuals or WATER/FEED
Haematopinus suis
what kind of organism is this?
2 clinical signs?
visible GROSSLY around… (4)
treatment? (hint: given 3 ways)
what treatment DOESN’T work?
HOG LOUSE (lice)
Clinical signs?
1. Pruritus
2. Anemia
VISIBLE UPON PE GROSSLY AROUND…
1. Neck
2. Jowl
3. Flank
4. Inside ear
Treatment?
1. TOPICAL, INJECTABLE or PREMIX with ACARICIDES like DORAMECTIN
IVERMECTIN WILL NOT WORK LONG ENOUGH FOR LICE
Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis…
what disease is this?
how is it diagnosed?
what’s important about ADMINISTERING this medication?
MANGE
Diagnosis?
–> Skin scrapings
Treatment/control?
–> TOPICAL, INJECTABLE, or PREMIX ACARICIDES
FOLLOW LABEL INSTRUCTIONS ON ACARICIDES FOR MANGE OR LICE
exudative epidermatitis
AKA “name?”
cause?
age of pigs affected?
clinical signs? (2)
treatment? (2)
AKA “GREASY PIG DISEASE”
Cause?
= Staphylococcus hycius getting into an OPEN WOUND ON SKIN
Age affected?
= PIGS LESS THAN 5 WEEKS OLD
Clinical signs?
1. RAPID ONSET of acute, exudative dermatitis
2. GREASY appearance, brownish flakes on skin
treatment?
1. USUALLY CHLORHEXIDINE-BASED DIPS on SKIN because HIGHER THERAPEUTIC LEVELS THAN SYSTEMIC drugs
2. BETA-LACTAMS for STAPH
ID disease & organism
EXUDATIVE EPIDERMATITIS
STAPHYLOCOCCUS HYCIUS
swine pox…
cause?
what kinds of pigs/signalment?
clinical signs? (3, include some timing/descriptors)
prognosis?
treatment?
cause?
= Caused by SWINE POX VIRUS that ENTERS SKIN due to ABRASIONS or LICE FEEDING
Signalment?
–> NAÏVE pigs
Clinical signs?
1. 1-3 mm red PAPULES
2. PUSTULES
3. CRUSTS forming over 3-4 weeks
Prognosis?
= NO MAJOR MORBIDITY/MORTALITY issues
Treatment?
= Control source of skin abrasions
ID DISEASE
SWINE POX
erysipelas…
causes? (2)
importance of PREVALENCE?
age of pigs?
what 2 species can ALSO be affected?
3 ACUTE clinical signs?
3 CHRONIC clinical signs?
diagnosis?
treatment/control? (2)
causes?
1. Caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
2. Transmitted when STRESSFUL EVENT occurs or TRAUMA to ORONASAL/BREAKS IN SKIN
PREVALENCE?
1. THIS ORGANISM IS PREVALENT ON ALL FARMS
2. 30-50% of pigs are CARRIERS
age?
= PIGS 3 MOS +
2 other species?
= SHEEP & TURKEYS CAN ALSO GET THIS DISEASE
ACUTE clinical signs?
1. **DIAMOND SKIN LESIONS called RHOMBOID URTICARIA
2. Septicemia
3. Petechial/ecchymotic hemorrhages
CHRONIC clinical signs?
1. ARTHRITIS/LAMENESS
2. Enlarged joints
3. Endocarditis
Diagnosis?
= CHARACTERISTIC SKIN LESION IN ACUTE CASES
Treatment/control?
1. Can treat individually/feed/water with tylosin or tetracycline
2. VACCINATE to ALL PIGS/AGES, TWICE A YEAR FOR ADULTS
ID disease & TIMING
also name LESION
ERYSIPELAS, ACUTE
RHOMBOID URTICARIA
porcine circavirus type 2
= what is it?
history?
what TYPE of disease is this? (+what 4 clinical signs we could see as a result)
3 clinical signs? (2 are syndromes)
pathogenesis?
diagnosis? (many things combined)
why is BLOOD/ELISA not helpful?
Control/prevention/treatment? (2)
= VIRAL disease that can cause UNPROTECTED PIGS TO DIE, but can provide INNATE IMMUNITY if pigs exposed EARLY
history?
= Strikes 2-4 weeks AFTER PLACEMENT INTO NURSERY or in GROW-FINISH production pigs
type of disease? = MULTISYSTEMIC DZ, affects MANY ORGANS
1. respiratory
2. GI
3. reproductive
4. skin
Clinical signs?
1. Sudden and progressive weight loss
2. PORCINE DERMATITIS & NEPHROPATHY Syndrome
3. POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING Syndrome
Pathogenesis?
= LYMPHOID DEPLETION that IMPAIRS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, leads to susceptibility for other diseases
Diagnosis?
= CLINICAL SIGNS + HISTOPATH + IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY + PCV2 LESION PRESENCE
Why is taking a blood sample/ELISA NOT HELPFUL?
= PCV2 is UBIQUITOUS, so these aren’t good
Control/prevention/treatment?
1. COMMERCIAL VACCINES!!
2. IMPROVED MANAGEMENT = control secondary infections
Porcine Dermatitis & Nephropathy Syndrome
= is a part of WHAT overarching disease?
3 clinical signs?
= CLINICAL SIGN of PCV2
3 clinical signs?
1. Necrotizing skin that’s RED-PURPLE colors, crusts then resolves
- ENLARGED KIDNEYS w/ MULTIFOCAL AREAS OF NECROSIS
- MAY SEE WEIGHT LOSS PRIOR TO KIDNEY NECROSIS
ID clinical sign, syndrome & what OVERARCHING DISEASE
CLINICAL SIGN = NECROTIZING SKIN
SYNDOME = PORCINE DERMATITIS & NEPHROPATHY SYNDROME
DISEASE = PCV2
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome…
what overall dz?
2 clinical signs? (give reason for first)
OVERALL DZ = PCV2
2 clinical signs?
1. ENLARGED LNs due to LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION
2. INCLUSION BODIES
ID DZ?
what clinical signs is this?
PCV2
SUDDEN & PROGRESSIVE WEIGHT LOSS
porcine circovirus 3/4 CLINICAL signs? (2)
1 is syndrome, 2nd has 4 subs
- Porcine Dermatitis & Nephropathy Syndrome
- Reproductive signs
–> Stillborns/mummies
–> Abortions
–> Delayed return to estrus
–> Small litter sizes
classical swine fever…
AKA “what name?”
what kind of virus?
who is the NATURAL HOST of this disease?
prevalence in US?
when do we see clinical signs?
6 clinical signs?
when does MORTALITY occur?
2 necropsy findings?
2 possible sources? (+what is NOT applicable as a source)
diagnosis?
AKA HOG CHOLERA
= PESTIVIRUS
host?
= Pigs are the only NATURAL HOST of this disease
prevalence in US?
**SHOULD BE ERADICATED IN US! (and has been since the 70s)
when do we see clinical signs?
= Takes 10-20 days after infection to see CLINICAL SIGNS
Clinical sings?
1. HINDQUARTER PARESIS/PARALYSIS
2. Convulsions
3. Vomiting
4. Conjunctivitis
5. Hyperemia of the skin
6. Diarrhea or constipation
MORTALITY takes >1 WEEK FROM ONSET
Necropsy findings?
1. Multiple petechial/ecchymoses in kidneys
2. Spleen infarction
Sources?
1. can be potentially transmitted to PIGS from COWS WITH BVD spread via ORONASAL contact
2. CAN ORIGINATE FROM GARBAGE FEEDING WITH MEAT PRODUCTS!
–> Not applicable to vegetable or bakery waste
Diagnosis?
= BIOPSY TONSIL!!
african swine fever…
has clinical signs similar to WHAT disease?
when does MORTALITY occur?
this is the ONLY PIG DZ that can…
2 clinical signs?
CLINICAL SIGNS LIKE CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER
MORTALITY occurs DAYS FROM ONSET
…ONLY PIG DZ that can INFECT SOFT TICKS
Clinical signs?
1. SKIN & KIDNEY LESIONS
2. HEMORRHAGIC fever
swine vesicular dz…
what type of virus?
transmission? (2)
clinical signs? (only 1 but has 4 subs)
signs are similar to WHAT disease?
control?
= PICORNAVIRUS
transmission?
1. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
2. Spread via SECRETIONS
clinical signs?
1. VESICLES & EROSIONS on..
–> Feet
–> Snouts
–> Mouth
–> TEATS
SIGNS ARE SIMILAR TO FOOT-AND-MOUTH
control?
= REGULATE IMPORTATION OF PIGS & PIG PRODUCTS
foot-and-mouth disease…
what type of virus?
4 clinical signs?
transmission? (3, include range)
reporting?
PICORNAVIRUS
Clinical signs?
1. ULCERATIONS & LESIONS on feet & in mouth
2. VESICLES on feet, snout & mouth
3. LAMENESS if lesions on feet
4. Slobbering/chomping
transmission?
1. Can be EASILY TRANSMITTED WITHIN 30 MILES via AEROSOL
2. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
3. Can affect MULTIPLE SPECIES –> cloven-footed animals
Reporting?
= IF YOU SEE LESIONS, CALL STATE AND FEDERAL VET
3 VESICULAR diseases in pigs?
what are they all? what does this mean?
diseases?
1. FOOT-AND-MOUTH disease
2. SWINE VESICULAR disease
3. SENECAVIRUS A/SENECA VALLEY VIRUS
THEY’RE ALL PICORNAVIRUSES, so they have SIMILAR CLINICAL SIGNS
ID 2 possible diseases
- FOOT-AND-MOUTH disease
- SWINE VESICULAR disease
- SENECAVIRUS A/SENECA VALLEY VIRUS
senecavirus A…
what type of virus?
history?
clinical signs in PIGLETS? (4)
clinical sign in ADULTS? (1)
diagnosis? (based on a clinical sign)
control/reporting? (2)
= PICORNAVIRUS
History?
= ACUTE INCREASE IN PRE-WEANING MORTALITY (2-3 fold) within 1-3 weeks
Clinical signs in PIGLETS?
1. Lethargic
2. Off feed
3. Sudden death
4. NO LESIONS SEEN BC PIGLETS DIE SO FAST
Clinical signs in ADULTS?
1. FRESH OR HEALING ULCERATIVE LESIONS
Diagnosis?
= ULCERATIVE LESIONS ON FEET/SNOUT
Control/reporting?
1. HALT ANY ANIMAL MOVEMENT ON FARM
2. REPORT!!
