Digestion & Metabolism 2: Swine GI Dz Flashcards
POST-WEANING SCOURS…
commonality?
occurs at WHAT AGE? after WHAT?
2 causes?
usually associated with a ____ ____, commonly ____
COMMON
occurs around 21 DAYS OF AGE after WEANING
2 causes?
1. being moved into LARGE GROUP OF ANIMALS
2. recent DIETARY CHANGES MILK to SOLID FOOD
usually associated with a PATHOGENIC AGENT, commonly E. COLI
we tend to see GI dz in ____ aged pigs
in PIGS, if they have D+, it will appear ____ because…
YOUNG
THICK/STICKY because D+ causes DEHYDRATION
POST-WEANING SCOURS TREATMENT/PREVENTION (4)
- if PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED = ANTIMICROBIALS
- maintain HYDRATION (can add electrolytes too)
- PRE-WEANING CREEP FEED to get them used to SOLID FOOD
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT –> clean and NOT HUGE changes in TEMP
COLIBACILLOSIS…
etiologic agent?
causes WHAT big clinical sign/when?
can cause ___ in slightly older pigs at ____-____ ____; also called ___ DISEASE
transmission?
etiologic agent = ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)
causes POST-WEANING D+
can cause EDEMA in slightly older pigs at 1-2 WEEKS; also called EDEMA disease
transmission = E. COLI ingested from DAM to NEONATE
what is the NUMBER ONE cause of NEONATAL DIARRHEA?
what AGE are neonate pigs for this?
COLIBACILLOSIS
LESS THAN 5 DAYS OLD
most COMMON cause of POST-WEANING D+?
COLIBACILLOSIS
COLIBACILLOSIS..
pathogenesis? (3)
DEATH can occur within ___-___ ____ if NO ____
treatment? for one of them, only give if WHAT? (2)
3 preventions? (THEY RHYME)
pathogenesis?
1. ELECTROLYTES secreted into LUMEN with WATER
2. creates VOLUMINOUS D+
3. later in DZ, causes THICKER, YELLOW D+ when animal is DEHYDRATED
DEATH can occur within 24-48 HOURS if NO TREATMENT
treatment?
1. ANTIMICROBIALS via FEED or INJECTION, only if CLINICAL SIGNS
2. add ELECTROLYTES into WATER SYSTEM for D+
prevention?
1. VACCINATION
2. SANITATION
3. PROBIOTICS for GUT MATURATION
ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS…
causes ____ DIARRHEA
in origin, considered _____ from the ____ or ____
causes WHAT pathologic change?
has a ___ effect, which causes infections via ____ ____
causes NEONATAL DIARRHEA
considered UBIQUITOUS from the ENVIRONMENT or DAM
causes VILLOUS ATROPHY
has a SYNERGISTIC effect, which causes infections via OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS…
tend to see this in pigs that are ____ or in the ____
pigs likely get it at this age BECAUSE… (+ give age range)
___ mortality, ____ morbidity
3 common clinical signs? (one is +/-)
NEONATAL, NURSERY
pigs likely to get it at this age BECAUSE corresponds to DECLINE IN LACTOGENIC ANTIBODIES (3 days to 8 weeks)
LOW mortality, VARIABLE morbidity
3 clinical signs…
1. TRANSIENT D+ (YELLOW)
2. DEHYDRATION
3. +/- VOMITING
ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS…
TREATMENT, PREVENTION, CONTROL (four)
- VACCINATING DAM with AUTOGENOUS or COMMERCIAL
- CLEAN SANITATION between ROTATIONS
- give ELECTROLYTES
- ANTIBIOTICS for SECONDARY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
COCCIDIOSIS…
aka what GENUS/SPECIES?
tends to be in WHAT age pigs? (3 words) between WHAT AGES?
need good ____ because originates in ____
takes ___-___ ____ BEFORE seeing CLINICAL SIGNS, which includes ____ ____
aka CYSTOISOSPORA SUIS
tends to be in YOUNG, NURSING PIGLETS between 5-21 DAYS OLD
need good SANITATION because originates in ENVIRONMENT
takes 5-7 DAYS BEFORE seeing CLINICAL SIGNS, which includes MALABSORPTIVE DIARRHEA
COCCIDIOSIS/CYSTOISOSPOROSIS…
4 clinical signs? (they’re weird)
may be ____ to recover
morbidity/mortality?
4 clinical signs?
1. D+
2. GAUNT
3. ROUGH HAIR
4. nurse but might VOMIT after
may be SLOW to recover
VARIABLE morbidity/mortality
COCCIDIOSIS/CYSTOISOSPOROSIS…
main NECROPSY finding?
what 2 pathologic changes can we see?
diagnosis? (2)
NECROPSY = THICKENED JEJUNAL & ILEAL WALLS in SI
2 pathologic changes?
1. FIBRONOUS ENTERITIS in SI
2. VILLOUS ATROPHY
diagnosis?
1. FECAL SAMPLES
2. HISTOPATH AT NECROPSY
PREVENTION for COCCIDIOSIS? (three)
- better SANITATION on SURFACES
- ELIMINATE/SEAL POROUS SURFACES where OOCYSTS CAN SIT
- ALL IN ALL OUT, ONE GROUP OF PIGS WILL STAY TOGETHER/SEPARATE FROM OTHER GROUPS
what drug should we NEVER use for treating pigs?
SULFONAMIDES!!
CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS…
MAIN etiologic agent?
which one is UBIQUITOUS?
clostridium can produce ____, this is a GOOD clinical sign for..
____-FORMING BACTERIA
infects the ____ ____
can come from the… (2)
MAIN etiologic agent = C. PERFRINGENS
UBIQUITOUS = C. DIFFICLE
clostridium can produce GAS, this is a GOOD clinical sign for DIAGNOSIS on NECROPSY
SPORE-FORMING BACTERIA
infects the SMALL INTESTINE
can come from the…
1. ENVIRONMENT
2. SOW
CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS…
etiologic agent?
pathogenesis? (2)
if no tx/severe, can see ___ within ____ ____ after infection
etiologic agent = C. PERFRINGENS
pathogenesis?
1. CLOSTRIDIUM produces TOXINS
2. toxins cause TISSUE NECROSIS
if no tx/severe, can see DEATH within 12 HOURS after infection
C DIFF tends to cause more MORBIDITY/MORTALITY while C PERFRINGENS tends to cause more MORBIDITY/MORTALITY in pigs
C DIFF = MORBIDITY
C PERFRINGENS = MORTALITY
CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS…
can be seen in pigs ____-____ ___ old
clinical sign in YOUNGER vs. OLDER pigs?
on NECROPSY, can see what 2 things?
what is the DEFINITIVE diagnosis?
3-21 DAYS OLD
clinical signs in…
YOUNGER = BLOODY D+ from NECROSIS
OLDER = MUCOID D+
on NECROPSY…
1. RED, SWOLLEN SI
2. GAS CREPITATION
DEFINITIVE diagnosis = SWAB SI FOR CULTURE & ID
3 PREVENTIONS for CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS?
for any of these administrations, need a VETERINARY ___ ____ for authorization in FEED animals
- IMMUNIZE sows PRE-FARROWING for TOXOID C
- SANITATION
- PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMICROBIALS can be ADDED TO SOW = BACITRACIN
–> given 14 days PRIOR to farrowing
NEED VETERINARY FEED DIRECTIVES
SWINE ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS DZ…
3 examples? which is the WORST right now?
contagion? why?
etiologic agent?
transmission?
where does the virus replicate?
3 examples?
1. PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA –> THIS IS THE WORST
2. PORCINE DELTA CORONAVIRUS
3. TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS
contagion = HIGHLY contagious because it SHEDS A LOT
etiologic agent = SINGLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS
transmission = FECAL-ORAL
virus replicates in SI
PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA…
category?
incubation period? (range)
causes both MAL___ & MAL___
___ morbidity, ___ mortality
what AGE pigs do we see this in if we’re in a NAIVE herd?
once the disease is ENDEMIC, what age pigs are affected?
SWINE ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS DZ
incubation = 12-24 HOURS
causes both MALDIGESTION & MALABSORPTION
HIGH morbidity, HIGH mortality
what AGE pigs do we see this in if we’re in a NAIVE herd? = ALL
once the disease is ENDEMIC, what age pigs are affected? = YOUNG
PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA…
NECROPSY & HISTO finding? (2)
culture for diagnosis?
generally do WHAT SAMPLE/DIAGNOSTIC?
NECROPSY & HISTO finding?
1. THIN-WALLED SI from ATROPHIC ENTERITIS
2. JEJUNAL VILLOUS ATROPHY
culture for diagnosis?
–> ISOLATION if PERACUTE CLINICAL SIGNS, but otherwise UNSUCCESSFUL
generally do RECTAL SWAB & SUBMIT FOR PCR
PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA…
treatment? why is this not super great?
prevention? (5)
treatment
–> SUPPORTIVE, but pigs likely to be POOR-DOING forever
prevention?
1. VACCINES
2. ROBUST TESTING for ANY NEW PIG THAT COMES IN
3. BIOSECURITY/QUARANTINE
4. DISINFECTANTS or HEAT appropriate for CORONAVIRUS
5. SCREENING FEED
TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS…
what TYPE of disease is this?
when is this disease STABLE?
what 4 species can help TRANSMIT it?
what HISTOLOGIC finding do we see?
OCCASIONALLY, can see WHAT clinical sign?
ISOLATION of disease?
PREVENTION? (2)
TYPE = CORONAVIRUS
virus is STABLE FROZEN (winter)
4 species that can TRANSMIT IT?
1. CATS
2. DOGS
3. HUMANS
4. STARLING
HISTOLOGIC finding = ATROPHY of JEJUNAL VILLI
OCCASIONALLY see VOMITING
can do VIRAL ISOLATION if PERACUTE DZ
PREVENTION?
1. VACCINATION
2. QUARANTINE/TEST all incoming animals
SWINE DYSENTERY…
etiologic agent GENUS/SPECIES? what TYPE of organism is this?
usually introduced into herd via ____ ____
pathogenesis?
what AGE pigs are most likely? (range)
how many days before we see CLINICAL SIGNS?
etiologic agent = BRACHYSPIRA HYODYSENTERIAE; SPIROCHETE
brought into herd via CARRIER ANIMAL
pathogenesis = spirochete INVADES GI tissues and causes HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS
common in 2-6 MONTH OLD PIGS
tend to take DAYS until we see CLINICAL SIGNS (BLOODY D+)
TREATMENT of SWINE DYSENTERY?
can use ANTIMICROBIALS in the WATER
SALMONELLOSIS…
which GENUS/SPECIES causes D+?
contagion? (2)
can SURVIVE for ____ in ____, ___ areas
what range of AGE pigs can we see it in? WHAT initiates it/how it initially spreads?
FECES looks… (2)
S. CHOLERASUIS causes D+
contagion?
1. ZOONOTIC
2. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
can SURVIVE for MONTHS in MOIST, WARM areas
can see it in 2-4 MONTH-OLD PIGS (older) initiated by STRESS EVENT that causes SHEDDING
SALMONELLOSIS…
MOST DEFINING GROSS lesion seen on necropsy? in what 3 locations?
2 other POST-MORTEM lesions?
what’s a good place to CULTURE for SALMONELLA?
GROSS lesions = “BUTTON ULCERS” on…
1. CECUM
2. COLON
3. ILEUM
2 other POST-MORTEM lesions?
1. HEMORRHAGE in EPIGLOTTIS
2. HEMORRHAGE in LARYNX
should CULTURE from MESENTERIC LNs because SALMONELLA COLONIZES
what is the LESION & DZ?
BUTTON ULCERS, SALMONELLA
PREVENTION for SALMONELLA? (2)
- VACCINATION –> best delivered ORAL IN WATER
- PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMICROBIALS in WATER
PORCINE PROLIFERATIVE ENTEROPATHY…
aka?
etiologic agent?
pathogenesis? (2)
usually see in ____/___ hogs
___ ____ feels like a “???”
prevention?
treatment?
aka ILEITIS
etiologic agent? = LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS
pathogenesis?
1. LAWSONIA invades INSIDE INTESTINAL WALL (LI or SI)
2. causes CELLS TO FAIL TO MATURE
usually see in GROW/FINISH hogs
SMALL INTESTINE feels like a “GARDEN HOSE”
prevention? = ORAL VACCINATION IN WATER
treatment = PULSE MEDICATION
TRICHURIASIS…
GENUS/SPECIES for pigs?
develops in the ____ & ____ MUCOSA & causes ___
NOT VERY ___ unless pigs are ____
what AGE RANGE pigs?
will IVERMECTIN work?
TRICHURIS SUIS in pigs
develops in the CECAL & COLONIC MUCOSA & causes ENTERITIS
NOT VERY COMMON unless pigs are OUTDOOR
seen in 2-6 MONTH OLD PIGS
IVERMECTIN DOES NOT WORK COMPLETELY
gastric ULCERS can cause ___ in the STOMACH
can see WHAT on necropsy for DIAGNOSIS?
PARAKERATOSIS
DIAGNOSIS = can see ULCERS on PARS ESOPHAGEA of STOMACH
