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Year 1/2 > Digestion & Metabolism 2: Swine GI Dz > Flashcards

Digestion & Metabolism 2: Swine GI Dz Flashcards

1
Q

POST-WEANING SCOURS…

commonality?

occurs at WHAT AGE? after WHAT?

2 causes?

usually associated with a ____ ____, commonly ____

A

COMMON

occurs around 21 DAYS OF AGE after WEANING

2 causes?
1. being moved into LARGE GROUP OF ANIMALS
2. recent DIETARY CHANGES MILK to SOLID FOOD

usually associated with a PATHOGENIC AGENT, commonly E. COLI

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1
Q

we tend to see GI dz in ____ aged pigs

in PIGS, if they have D+, it will appear ____ because…

A

YOUNG

THICK/STICKY because D+ causes DEHYDRATION

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2
Q

POST-WEANING SCOURS TREATMENT/PREVENTION (4)

A
  1. if PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED = ANTIMICROBIALS
  2. maintain HYDRATION (can add electrolytes too)
  3. PRE-WEANING CREEP FEED to get them used to SOLID FOOD
  4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT –> clean and NOT HUGE changes in TEMP
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3
Q

COLIBACILLOSIS…

etiologic agent?

causes WHAT big clinical sign/when?

can cause ___ in slightly older pigs at ____-____ ____; also called ___ DISEASE

transmission?

A

etiologic agent = ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC)

causes POST-WEANING D+

can cause EDEMA in slightly older pigs at 1-2 WEEKS; also called EDEMA disease

transmission = E. COLI ingested from DAM to NEONATE

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4
Q

what is the NUMBER ONE cause of NEONATAL DIARRHEA?

what AGE are neonate pigs for this?

A

COLIBACILLOSIS

LESS THAN 5 DAYS OLD

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5
Q

most COMMON cause of POST-WEANING D+?

A

COLIBACILLOSIS

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6
Q

COLIBACILLOSIS..

pathogenesis? (3)

DEATH can occur within ___-___ ____ if NO ____

treatment? for one of them, only give if WHAT? (2)

3 preventions? (THEY RHYME)

A

pathogenesis?
1. ELECTROLYTES secreted into LUMEN with WATER
2. creates VOLUMINOUS D+
3. later in DZ, causes THICKER, YELLOW D+ when animal is DEHYDRATED

DEATH can occur within 24-48 HOURS if NO TREATMENT

treatment?
1. ANTIMICROBIALS via FEED or INJECTION, only if CLINICAL SIGNS
2. add ELECTROLYTES into WATER SYSTEM for D+

prevention?
1. VACCINATION
2. SANITATION
3. PROBIOTICS for GUT MATURATION

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7
Q

ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS…

causes ____ DIARRHEA

in origin, considered _____ from the ____ or ____

causes WHAT pathologic change?

has a ___ effect, which causes infections via ____ ____

A

causes NEONATAL DIARRHEA

considered UBIQUITOUS from the ENVIRONMENT or DAM

causes VILLOUS ATROPHY

has a SYNERGISTIC effect, which causes infections via OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

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8
Q

ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS…

tend to see this in pigs that are ____ or in the ____

pigs likely get it at this age BECAUSE… (+ give age range)

___ mortality, ____ morbidity

3 common clinical signs? (one is +/-)

A

NEONATAL, NURSERY

pigs likely to get it at this age BECAUSE corresponds to DECLINE IN LACTOGENIC ANTIBODIES (3 days to 8 weeks)

LOW mortality, VARIABLE morbidity

3 clinical signs…
1. TRANSIENT D+ (YELLOW)
2. DEHYDRATION
3. +/- VOMITING

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9
Q

ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS…

TREATMENT, PREVENTION, CONTROL (four)

A
  1. VACCINATING DAM with AUTOGENOUS or COMMERCIAL
  2. CLEAN SANITATION between ROTATIONS
  3. give ELECTROLYTES
  4. ANTIBIOTICS for SECONDARY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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10
Q

COCCIDIOSIS…

aka what GENUS/SPECIES?

tends to be in WHAT age pigs? (3 words) between WHAT AGES?

need good ____ because originates in ____

takes ___-___ ____ BEFORE seeing CLINICAL SIGNS, which includes ____ ____

A

aka CYSTOISOSPORA SUIS

tends to be in YOUNG, NURSING PIGLETS between 5-21 DAYS OLD

need good SANITATION because originates in ENVIRONMENT

takes 5-7 DAYS BEFORE seeing CLINICAL SIGNS, which includes MALABSORPTIVE DIARRHEA

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11
Q

COCCIDIOSIS/CYSTOISOSPOROSIS…

4 clinical signs? (they’re weird)

may be ____ to recover

morbidity/mortality?

A

4 clinical signs?
1. D+
2. GAUNT
3. ROUGH HAIR
4. nurse but might VOMIT after

may be SLOW to recover

VARIABLE morbidity/mortality

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12
Q

COCCIDIOSIS/CYSTOISOSPOROSIS…

main NECROPSY finding?

what 2 pathologic changes can we see?

diagnosis? (2)

A

NECROPSY = THICKENED JEJUNAL & ILEAL WALLS in SI

2 pathologic changes?
1. FIBRONOUS ENTERITIS in SI
2. VILLOUS ATROPHY

diagnosis?
1. FECAL SAMPLES
2. HISTOPATH AT NECROPSY

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13
Q

PREVENTION for COCCIDIOSIS? (three)

A
  1. better SANITATION on SURFACES
  2. ELIMINATE/SEAL POROUS SURFACES where OOCYSTS CAN SIT
  3. ALL IN ALL OUT, ONE GROUP OF PIGS WILL STAY TOGETHER/SEPARATE FROM OTHER GROUPS
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14
Q

what drug should we NEVER use for treating pigs?

A

SULFONAMIDES!!

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15
Q

CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS…

MAIN etiologic agent?

which one is UBIQUITOUS?

clostridium can produce ____, this is a GOOD clinical sign for..

____-FORMING BACTERIA

infects the ____ ____

can come from the… (2)

A

MAIN etiologic agent = C. PERFRINGENS

UBIQUITOUS = C. DIFFICLE

clostridium can produce GAS, this is a GOOD clinical sign for DIAGNOSIS on NECROPSY

SPORE-FORMING BACTERIA

infects the SMALL INTESTINE

can come from the…
1. ENVIRONMENT
2. SOW

16
Q

CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS…

etiologic agent?

pathogenesis? (2)

if no tx/severe, can see ___ within ____ ____ after infection

A

etiologic agent = C. PERFRINGENS

pathogenesis?
1. CLOSTRIDIUM produces TOXINS
2. toxins cause TISSUE NECROSIS

if no tx/severe, can see DEATH within 12 HOURS after infection

17
Q

C DIFF tends to cause more MORBIDITY/MORTALITY while C PERFRINGENS tends to cause more MORBIDITY/MORTALITY in pigs

A

C DIFF = MORBIDITY

C PERFRINGENS = MORTALITY

18
Q

CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS…

can be seen in pigs ____-____ ___ old

clinical sign in YOUNGER vs. OLDER pigs?

on NECROPSY, can see what 2 things?

what is the DEFINITIVE diagnosis?

A

3-21 DAYS OLD

clinical signs in…
YOUNGER = BLOODY D+ from NECROSIS
OLDER = MUCOID D+

on NECROPSY…
1. RED, SWOLLEN SI
2. GAS CREPITATION

DEFINITIVE diagnosis = SWAB SI FOR CULTURE & ID

19
Q

3 PREVENTIONS for CLOSTRIDIAL ENTERITIS?

for any of these administrations, need a VETERINARY ___ ____ for authorization in FEED animals

A
  1. IMMUNIZE sows PRE-FARROWING for TOXOID C
  2. SANITATION
  3. PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMICROBIALS can be ADDED TO SOW = BACITRACIN
    –> given 14 days PRIOR to farrowing

NEED VETERINARY FEED DIRECTIVES

20
Q

SWINE ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS DZ…

3 examples? which is the WORST right now?

contagion? why?

etiologic agent?

transmission?

where does the virus replicate?

A

3 examples?
1. PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA –> THIS IS THE WORST
2. PORCINE DELTA CORONAVIRUS
3. TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS

contagion = HIGHLY contagious because it SHEDS A LOT

etiologic agent = SINGLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS

transmission = FECAL-ORAL

virus replicates in SI

21
Q

PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA…

category?

incubation period? (range)

causes both MAL___ & MAL___

___ morbidity, ___ mortality

what AGE pigs do we see this in if we’re in a NAIVE herd?

once the disease is ENDEMIC, what age pigs are affected?

A

SWINE ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS DZ

incubation = 12-24 HOURS

causes both MALDIGESTION & MALABSORPTION

HIGH morbidity, HIGH mortality

what AGE pigs do we see this in if we’re in a NAIVE herd? = ALL

once the disease is ENDEMIC, what age pigs are affected? = YOUNG

22
Q

PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA…

NECROPSY & HISTO finding? (2)

culture for diagnosis?

generally do WHAT SAMPLE/DIAGNOSTIC?

A

NECROPSY & HISTO finding?
1. THIN-WALLED SI from ATROPHIC ENTERITIS
2. JEJUNAL VILLOUS ATROPHY

culture for diagnosis?
–> ISOLATION if PERACUTE CLINICAL SIGNS, but otherwise UNSUCCESSFUL

generally do RECTAL SWAB & SUBMIT FOR PCR

23
Q

PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA…

treatment? why is this not super great?

prevention? (5)

A

treatment
–> SUPPORTIVE, but pigs likely to be POOR-DOING forever

prevention?
1. VACCINES
2. ROBUST TESTING for ANY NEW PIG THAT COMES IN
3. BIOSECURITY/QUARANTINE
4. DISINFECTANTS or HEAT appropriate for CORONAVIRUS
5. SCREENING FEED

24
Q

TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS…

what TYPE of disease is this?

when is this disease STABLE?

what 4 species can help TRANSMIT it?

what HISTOLOGIC finding do we see?

OCCASIONALLY, can see WHAT clinical sign?

ISOLATION of disease?

PREVENTION? (2)

A

TYPE = CORONAVIRUS

virus is STABLE FROZEN (winter)

4 species that can TRANSMIT IT?
1. CATS
2. DOGS
3. HUMANS
4. STARLING

HISTOLOGIC finding = ATROPHY of JEJUNAL VILLI

OCCASIONALLY see VOMITING

can do VIRAL ISOLATION if PERACUTE DZ

PREVENTION?
1. VACCINATION
2. QUARANTINE/TEST all incoming animals

25
Q

SWINE DYSENTERY…

etiologic agent GENUS/SPECIES? what TYPE of organism is this?

usually introduced into herd via ____ ____

pathogenesis?

what AGE pigs are most likely? (range)

how many days before we see CLINICAL SIGNS?

A

etiologic agent = BRACHYSPIRA HYODYSENTERIAE; SPIROCHETE

brought into herd via CARRIER ANIMAL

pathogenesis = spirochete INVADES GI tissues and causes HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS

common in 2-6 MONTH OLD PIGS

tend to take DAYS until we see CLINICAL SIGNS (BLOODY D+)

26
Q

TREATMENT of SWINE DYSENTERY?

A

can use ANTIMICROBIALS in the WATER

27
Q

SALMONELLOSIS…

which GENUS/SPECIES causes D+?

contagion? (2)

can SURVIVE for ____ in ____, ___ areas

what range of AGE pigs can we see it in? WHAT initiates it/how it initially spreads?

FECES looks… (2)

A

S. CHOLERASUIS causes D+

contagion?
1. ZOONOTIC
2. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

can SURVIVE for MONTHS in MOIST, WARM areas

can see it in 2-4 MONTH-OLD PIGS (older) initiated by STRESS EVENT that causes SHEDDING

28
Q

SALMONELLOSIS…

MOST DEFINING GROSS lesion seen on necropsy? in what 3 locations?

2 other POST-MORTEM lesions?

what’s a good place to CULTURE for SALMONELLA?

A

GROSS lesions = “BUTTON ULCERS” on…
1. CECUM
2. COLON
3. ILEUM

2 other POST-MORTEM lesions?
1. HEMORRHAGE in EPIGLOTTIS
2. HEMORRHAGE in LARYNX

should CULTURE from MESENTERIC LNs because SALMONELLA COLONIZES

29
Q

what is the LESION & DZ?

A

BUTTON ULCERS, SALMONELLA

30
Q

PREVENTION for SALMONELLA? (2)

A
  1. VACCINATION –> best delivered ORAL IN WATER
  2. PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMICROBIALS in WATER
31
Q

PORCINE PROLIFERATIVE ENTEROPATHY…

aka?

etiologic agent?

pathogenesis? (2)

usually see in ____/___ hogs

___ ____ feels like a “???”

prevention?

treatment?

A

aka ILEITIS

etiologic agent? = LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS

pathogenesis?
1. LAWSONIA invades INSIDE INTESTINAL WALL (LI or SI)
2. causes CELLS TO FAIL TO MATURE

usually see in GROW/FINISH hogs

SMALL INTESTINE feels like a “GARDEN HOSE”

prevention? = ORAL VACCINATION IN WATER

treatment = PULSE MEDICATION

32
Q

TRICHURIASIS…

GENUS/SPECIES for pigs?

develops in the ____ & ____ MUCOSA & causes ___

NOT VERY ___ unless pigs are ____

what AGE RANGE pigs?

will IVERMECTIN work?

A

TRICHURIS SUIS in pigs

develops in the CECAL & COLONIC MUCOSA & causes ENTERITIS

NOT VERY COMMON unless pigs are OUTDOOR

seen in 2-6 MONTH OLD PIGS

IVERMECTIN DOES NOT WORK COMPLETELY

33
Q

gastric ULCERS can cause ___ in the STOMACH

can see WHAT on necropsy for DIAGNOSIS?

A

PARAKERATOSIS

DIAGNOSIS = can see ULCERS on PARS ESOPHAGEA of STOMACH

Year 1/2 (139 decks)

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