Concept 3.1: Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

Question 1

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

How many bonds can carbon form?

Answer 2

4 bonds ranging from 1 to triple bonds

Question 3

What type of bonds does carbon form with other elements?

Answer 3

Covalent bonds

Question 4

List the types of carbon skeletons that can be formed.

Answer 4

straight/length, branched, rings, and change in double bond positions

Question 5

What is a hydrocarbon? Name two, and are they hydrophobic or philic

Answer 5

they are carbons and hydrogens, ethane and methane. They are hydrophobic

Question 6

Define a functional group

Answer 6

the components of organic molecules that are mostly involved in chemical reactions

Question 7

Name the seven functional groups

Answer 7

Hydroxyl,Carboxyl,Carbonyl,Amino,Sulfhydryl, phosphate,and methlyl

Question 8

Hydroxyl, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 8

is composed of -OH, alcohols, ethanol, the properties are that it is always polar and helps dissolve small polar molecules

Question 9

Carboxyl, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 9

is composed of -C=O,OH, the compound name is Carboxylic acid, and an example is acetic acid. The properties are that carboxyl donates H+ and are polar

Question 10

Carbonyl, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 10

is made of >C=O and compound name varies, the ketone is middle and the aldehyde is ended, Ex: Acetone

Question 11

Amino, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 11

is made of NH2 and the compound name is Amine and an example is Glycine. The properties are that it receives H+ as a base

Question 12

Sulfhydryl, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 12

is made of -SH, the compound name is a thiol , an example is a cysteine, and the properties are that they are able to form cross-links that support proteins

Question 13

Phosphate, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 13

is made –O-P-O-. top and bottom: =O and -O-.compound name organic phosphate and an example is Glycerol Phosphate. the properties are that it can react with water and made energy due to its negative Oxygens

Question 14

Methyl, name the structure/atoms and compound names, give examples and properties

Answer 14

CH3, Methylated compound, example is 5- Methylcytosine. Affects the expression of DNA and how female and male hormones work

Question 15

what are isomers and what are the three most common

Answer 15

the same number of atoms but different structures, structural, cis-trans, and enantiomers

Question 16

What is a Structural Isomer

Answer 16

and isomer that differs in covalent arrangement, branched

Question 17

What is a cis-trans isomer

Answer 17

the cis isomer is where the same element is on one side(up), the trans isomer is where they are diaganol to each other.

Question 18

What is an Enantiomer

Answer 18

is a mirror image of that molecule

Question 19

Summarize what ATP is

Answer 19

are three phosphates attached to adenosine and releases energy when it makes contact with water

Question 20

name the valence of CHON.

Answer 20

carbon: 4
hydrogen: 1
Oxygen :2
Nitrogen: 3

Question 21

What is the importance of C-H bonds

Answer 21

C-H bonds hold large amounts of energy, an can give off large amounts of enegry when broken