3.4: Lipids are a diverse group of a hydrophobic molecule Flashcards
Lipids include fats, waxes, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. What characteristics do all lipids share?
They are all hydrophobic due to the nonpolar hydrocarbons
What are the building blocks of fats?
fatty acids
If fat is composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule, how many water molecules will be removed to form it? Again, what is this process called?
3 water molecules, dehydration synthesis
Name two saturated fats
lard and butter
what makes a fat unsaturated
the double bonds which result in a kink that makes it unsaturated
Name two unsaturated fats.
avocados and nuts
Why are many unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?
This is because of the kink/bend which makes them more space out
what are the four functions of fats
acts as a cushion for organs insulates, reserves of energy, and cell membrane
Why are the tails hydrophobic
this is because the fatty acids are simply nonpolar and their hydrocarbons
Why are the tails all located in the interior?
Since the tails are hydrophobic, they stay away from the water and are isolated by the hydrophilic heads
What are examples of steroids?
Cholesterol which is a precursor of sex hormones for men and female
fats
made of glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids via dehydration synthesis between a carboxyl and hydroxyl
fatty acids
made of a long carbon skeleton, 16 - 18 carbons, and have many hydrocarbon bonds
phospholipid
similar to a fat molecule but only consists of two fatty acids
Steroids
lipids made of a carbon skeleton of four fused rings
distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid
saturated is made of no double bonds and unsaturated is
ester linkages
fatty acid uses its carboxyl group to connect to glycerol’s hydroxyl group through dehydration synthesis
what is the structure of phospholipid?
polysaccharides consist of 2 fatty acids instead of 3 and one has a kink, the third hydroxyl group of glycerol is connected to a phosphate which is hydrophilic with the negative oxygens
what is the third hydroxyl group attached to ?
a phophate that is opposite direction of the other fatty acids
