5.4: Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradient

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

where a transport protein requires the help of ATP in order to move a molecule against its concentration gradientin order to maintain concentration gradients

Question 2

what causes carrier protein to change shape

Answer 2

terminal phosphate from the ATP, the shape can cause attraction of corresponding molecules

Question 3

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 3

exchanges 3 Na+ for 2 K+ across the memebrane of animal cells, Na+ and K+ are pushed against their concentration gradients

Question 4

membrane potential

Answer 4

volatage across the cell membrane, due to the difference (in number) of ions negative and posotive across the cell membrane

Question 5

Which type of ions can only enter the cell ?

Answer 5

cations only enter the cell because of opposite charges

Question 6

electrochemical gradient

Answer 6

where the membrane potential( - inside and + outside) and the chemical(concentration gradient) impacts the difussion of ions

Question 7

electrogenic pumps

Answer 7

generates voltage across a membrane by excreting ion which then diffuses back in where it is then harnessed (consists of sodium potassium pump)

Question 8

proton pump

Answer 8

electrogenic pumps of animals and plants, pump out H+ and create voltage as the H+ diffuses back in

Question 9

cotransport

Answer 9

diffusion of an ion back in, this drives tansport of other solutes

Question 10

How is H+ used to maintain membrane potential and diffuse other molecules

Answer 10

Cotransporter uses the H+ being diffused(previouly released through the protein pump) to also diffuse another molecule

Question 11

What are the 2 types of active diffusion

Answer 11

simply active transport, and secondary active transport