10.2: Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles Flashcards
life cycle
generation to generation series of steps in the reproductive history
How many chromosomes in a human? Pairs?
a human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs half from mom(maternal) and a half from dad(paternal)
karyotype
order of longest chromosome to smallest(sex chromosomes) in cells
homologous chromosomes or a homologous pair
where the 2 chromosomes have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
autosomes
other chromosomes
sex chromosomes
the X and Y chromosomes,Male(XY),Female(XX)(homologous)
diploid cells
has 2n(n represents chromosomes in a single set)
haploid
1 set, 23 in ours, 22 autosomes, the rest are sex
fertilization
a combination of gametes(not produced by mitosis)
zygote
resulted in the fertilized egg, goes through mitosis in order to grow
meiosis
how gametes are formed, produces 4 daughter haploid cells, mitosis only forms body cells
In general statement of animal meiosis
in general, gametes are the only haploid cells in animals, produced by meiosis, they fuse to form a diploid cell(zygote)
3rd type: alternation of generations
the second type of life cycle that plants and some species of algae exhibit
sporophyte
multicellular diploid organism
spores
sporophyte produces this haploid thing through meiosis
