9.2: The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle

Question 1

What are the proportions of the cell cycle phases wise

Answer 1

A very small portion of the cell cycle is mitosis and cytokinesis(10%) while interphase takes up (90%)

Question 2

What are the phases of the cell cycle

Answer 2

Interphase and the Mitotic phase

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

includes cell growth and copying of chromosomes, cell division part

Question 4

Mitotic (M) phase, how long

Answer 4

includes mitosis and cytokinesis 1 hour

Question 5

G1 phase, how long

Answer 5

the first gap, the cell grows and produces proteins and organelles, 5-6 hours

Question 6

S phase, how long

Answer 6

synthesis, to make, replicates DNA,10-12 hours

Question 7

G2 phase, how long

Answer 7

the second gap continues to grow, 4-6 hours

Question 8

what cells can not be remade in the S phase

Answer 8

Muscle and Neuron cells

Question 9

What are the 3 phases of interphase

Answer 9

G1, S, and G2 phase

Question 10

6 Phases of The Mitotic Phase

Answer 10

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis

Question 11

What happens in Late G2

Answer 11

1. 2 Centrosomes form, chromosomes have doubled from the S phase
2. Chromosomes can not be seen yet since they are not condensed

Question 12

What happens in Prophase

Answer 12

1. During prophase, Chromatin fibers are packed/coiled, the nucleolus disappears
2. Early mitotic spindle forms where the microtubules stretch from the centrosomes
3. shorter microtubules stretch behind the centrosomes called asters
4. the centrosomes pull apart from each other due to the lengthening of the microtubules

Question 13

mitotic spindle

Answer 13

structure made of microtubules and associated proteins controls the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Question 14

centrosome

Answer 14

where the spindle microtubules assemble and are organized

Question 15

What happens in Prometaphase

Answer 15

1. The nuclear envelope disappears and allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes
2. Sister Chromatids are held together by protein kinetochores(newly formed)(two on each) in the centromere region
3. Some of the microtubules attach to the kinetochores

Question 16

Kinetochores

Answer 16

motor protein complexes that assemble on sections of DNA at centromeres, where the microtubules attach to the kinetochores

Question 17

What happens in metaphase

Answer 17

1. Microtubules move chromosomes to the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell, this is when the spindle is complete**
2. Centrosomes are now at opposite ends of the cell

Question 18

Metaphase plate

Answer 18

imaginary structure at the midway point between the spindle’s two poles, where the centromeres of all the chromosomes are at during metaphase

Question 19

What is the longest phase in mitosis, What is the shortest

Answer 19

metaphase anaphase

Question 20

What happens in Anaphase

Answer 20

1. sister chromatids separate and move along the kinetochore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell
2. Since the chromatids lost their cohesion protein(cleaved by an enzyme known as separate), they are pulled apart and become individual chromosomes
3. Chromosomes are also reeled in by motor proteins at spindle poles, and microtubules depolymerize after they pass by the motor proteins(kinetochores)
4. Nonkinetochore microtubules from opposite poles interact and elongate the cell since they lengthen
5. At the end of anaphase, the duplicate groups of chromosomes have arrived at opposite ends of the elongated parent cell. Each side of the cell now has complete sets of chromosomes

Question 21

What happens in Telophase

Answer 21

1. Nuclear envelope reforms and so does the nucleoli
2. Chromosomes unravel into Chromatins
3. The remaining microtubules fully depolymerize

Question 22

What happens in Cytokinesis

Answer 22

1. Cleavage furrow/contractile ring of actin microtubules forms in the middle of the elongated cell
2. Soon the cell pinches in and splits since the actin microtubules interact with the myosin causing the cell to contract

Question 23

cleavage

Answer 23

Cytokinesis begins after telophase and the spindle eventually disassembles

Question 24

cleavage furrow

Answer 24

formed by cleavage, and lets the cell pinch in and split

Question 25

the cell plate, how is made and enlarged

Answer 25

This is the cleavage furrow for the plant, this forms during cytokinesis, vesicles carrying cellulose create this and enlarge it

Question 26

What happens in binary fission

Answer 26

1. 2 daughter chromosomes actively move apart while the cell stretches until it doubles in size
2. While this happens, the replicated origin moves to the opposite ends
3. Then the plasma membrane pinches inward and divides

Question 27

binary fission

Answer 27

how prokaryotes reproduce, type of cell division

Question 28

origin of replication

Answer 28

has only one chromosome that is non-coiled

Question 29

how many chromosomes are in prokaryotic organisms

Answer 29

has only one chromosome that is non-coiled