5.3: Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

movment of particles so they spread into more space/less concentration

Question 2

how temp impacts diffusion ?

Answer 2

higher temp makes diffusion faster

Question 3

Concentration gradient

Answer 3

a region where the density of a substance decreases or increases, high to low

Question 4

Passive Diffusion

Answer 4

substance travels from high to low concentration , no ATP energy

Question 5

Active transport

Answer 5

if you are going against concentration gradient,low to high, using ATP

Question 6

net diffusion

Answer 6

molecules move down their concentration gradient, keeps going until equilibrium acheived.

Question 7

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 7

solute molecules cross at equal rates

Question 8

osmosis

Answer 8

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, salt usually sucks the water

Question 9

Explain the U model diffusion

Answer 9

the aqeous solution with the high free water(lowest concentration of solute) will diffuse into the area with low free water(higher concentraiton of solute) until both sides are the same solute concentration

Question 10

Tonicity

Answer 10

the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Question 11

Isotonic solutions, what happens to animals cell

Answer 11

solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane(only dynamic equilibrium), favorable animal cell environment

Question 12

Hypertonic solutions, what happens to animals cell

Answer 12

solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water, solute vise versa, shriveled animal cell

Question 13

Hypotonic solution, what happens to animals cell

Answer 13

Solute concentration is less than inside the cell; cell gains water, solute vise versa, lysed cell.

Question 14

osmoregulations

Answer 14

the control of solute concentrations and water balance, is a necessary adaptation for life in such environments, happens faster due to warmth

Question 15

Turgid

Answer 15

when in hypotonic solution, plant cell is in optimal condition because the vacuole needs to be full and the cell wall needs to be pushed on

Question 16

Flaccid

Answer 16

when in Isotonic solution, it is wilting due to water not having a net tendency to enter

Question 17

Plasmolyzed

Answer 17

when in hypertonic solution, lack of water leads to membrane pulling away from cell wall and can lead to plant death

Question 18

facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

when a hydrophilic substance diffuses through a lipid bilayer through the help of a transport protein,is the other diffusion next to normal diffusion

Question 19

ion channels

Answer 19

channel prtoeins that transport ions

Question 20

gated channels

Answer 20

open and close in response to a stimulus(used by ion channels)

Question 21

Where does water move in terms of water potential

Answer 21

Water moves from high water potential to low potential

Question 22

what is the formula for water potential

Answer 22

ψ = ψp+ ψs

Question 23

ψp

Answer 23

0 if no pressure is given

Question 24

ψs

Answer 24

-(i)(C)(R)(T)

Question 25

ionization constant(i)

Answer 25

if sugar, starch, or protein: it is 1, NaCl : 2

Question 26

Molar Concentration(C)

Answer 26

Given in M

Question 27

R

Answer 27

0.0831

Question 28

Calculate Celsius to Kalvin(T)

Answer 28

(273 + C) kalvin

Question 29

What are the 3 types of passive transport

Answer 29

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis