3.3: Carbohydrates Serve as fuel and building material

Question 1

Let’s look at carbohydrates, which include sugars and starches. First, what are the monomers of all carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

Notice that all sugars have the same two functional groups. Name them:

Answer 2

Carbonyl and Hydroxyl

Question 3

Explain the carbon numbering system

Answer 3

carbon one starts off at the right and then goes clockwise, the sixth one is up

Question 4

Three disaccharides have the formula (?), why this formula,ratio?

Answer 4

CHO, 1:2:1 ratio
Lactose: made from galactose and glucose and is found in milk sugar
Maltose: glucose and glucose and is found in beer
Sucrose: fructose and glucose and is found in the table sugar
this formula is because dehydration synthesis

Question 5

What is a glycosidic linkage?

Answer 5

A covalent linkage between two monomers and is based on carbon numbers 1-4, 1-2, etc

Question 6

there are two categories of polysaccharides. Name them and give examples.

Answer 6

Structural polysaccharides: cellulose

Storage polysaccharides: starch and glycogen

Question 7

monosaccharides and all examples

Answer 7

(simple sugars) the monomer of sugars linked with covalent bonds, Glucose, fructose, galactose, Glyceraldehyde, and Ribose they are all multiples of CH2O

Question 8

how are monosaccharides used as energy, if not being used where are they put with

Answer 8

monosaccharides are broken down to form energy and are put with other monomers for later use

Question 9

disaccharides and all examples

Answer 9

double sugars made of 2 monosaccharides formed by glycosidic linkages formed by dehydration synthesis, Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose, two monomers joined

Question 10

polysaccharides

Answer 10

made of many monosaccharides, starch, cellulose, and glycogen, polymers(many glucose)

Question 11

Starch

Answer 11

stored and plants and is used by getting monomers out via hydrolysis

Question 12

Glycogen where is it stored?

Answer 12

the starch for plants(which is more branched), is stored for later use in the liver and muscle cells

Question 13

Cellulose

Answer 13

used to make plant cell walls

Question 14

How do starch and cellulose differ even though they both have 1-4 linkages

Answer 14

alpha and beta linkages are where OH is on one side spiral and OH is alternating sides where it forms structural blocks

Question 15

Who can break down beta linkages and how

Answer 15

humans can not break beta linkages but animals with microbes in their gut can break them down

Question 16

Chitin

Answer 16

gives cockroaches their crunch