11.4: Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance

Question 1

pedigree

Answer 1

use of family history and tracking traits, squares represent Males and circles represent Females, filled in shapes signifies that they have the trait, can also be used to predict who else will have the gene using probability

Question 2

carriers

Answer 2

where heterozygotes may transmit the recessive allele to their offspring, inbreeding can cause a higher chance to get a receive disorder

Question 3

cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

strikes one out of every 2500 people of European descent but is much rarer in other groups, chloride transport channels are defective or absent in the plasma membranes of children which causes them to have a high concentration of chloride

Question 4

sickle cell disease

Answer 4

an allele that codes for mutant hemoglobin that causes it to form long rods at low O2. Cause RBC’s “sickle” clogging small blood vessels. Leading to pain, organ damage, even paralysis.

Heterozygotes are healthy for the most part, Sickle cells can fight against malaria

Question 5

Achondroplasia

Answer 5

a form of dwarfism caused by a rare dominant allele

Question 6

Huntington’s disease

Answer 6

a degenerative disease of the nervous system caused by a lethal dominant allele with no obvious phenotype apparent until the individual is about 35–45 years old

is irreversible when deterioration of the nervous system starts

Question 7

2 types of sampling of genetic disorders

Answer 7

Amniocentesis, Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 8

Amniocentesis

Answer 8

the liquid that bathes the fetus is removed and tested

Question 9

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 9

a sample of the placenta is removed and tested

Question 10

Dominant diseases ?

Answer 10

Dwarfism and hemophilia

Question 11

Recessive diseases ?

Answer 11

Cystic,Tay sac, and sickle