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Biology > Chp 33 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chp 33 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chitons?

A
  • Oval shaped marine animals encased in an armor of eight dorsal plates
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2
Q

What are some characteristics of gastropods? (4)

A
  • most are marine, but many are terrestrial and freshwater species
  • Move slowly by a rippling motion of the foot or by cilia
  • ## Most have a single, spiraled shell that functions in protection from injury, dehydration, and predationMost gastropods are herbivores, but some species use modified radula to feed on prey
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3
Q

What are bivalves?

A
  • aquatic and include many species of clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
  • They have a shell divided into two halves drawn together by adductor muscles
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4
Q

What are cephalopods?

A

Cephalopods are carnivores with beak-like jaws surrounded by tentacles of their modified foot

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5
Q

What do cephalopods have? (3)

A

A closed circulatory system, well-developed sense organs, and a complex brain.

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6
Q

What are shelled cephalopods called?

A

Ammonites

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7
Q

What animal group has the largest number of recent extinctions?

A

Molluscs

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8
Q

What are the most threatened molluscs groups?

A

Freshwater bivalves (pearl mussels)
- Terrestrial gastropods (Pacific Island land snail )

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9
Q

What are molluscs threatened by?

A
  • habitat loss
  • pollution
  • non-native species
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10
Q

What are annelids?

A

coelomates with bodies composed of a series of fused rings

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11
Q

What are the 3 traditional clades of the phylum Annelida? (3)

A
  • Polychaeta (polychaetes)

-Oligochaeta (oligochaetes)

  • Hirundinea (leeches)
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12
Q

What are the more recent 2 major clades of Annelids?

A
  • Errantia
  • Sedentaria
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13
Q

What are errantians?

A

Members of the clade Errantia that are mobile, marine organisms that have paddle-like or ridge-like structures called parapodia on each body segment.

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14
Q

What are sedentarians?

A

Organisms that are less mobile than errantians.

  • Contains leeches and earthworms
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15
Q

What do leeches include?

A

Predators of invertebrates and parasites that suck blood

  • live in fresh water, some are marine or terrestrial
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16
Q

What are earthworms?

A

Organisms that eat thru soil, extracting nutrients as the soil moves thru the alimentary canal

  • asexually reproduce via fragmentation
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17
Q

What is the most species-rich animal group?

A

Ecdysozoans

18
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

A touch coat that covers the ecdysozoans

19
Q

What is ecdysis?

A

A process in which the cuticle is shedded or molted

20
Q

What are the two largest phyla of Ecdysozoans?

A
  • Nematodes
  • Arthropods
21
Q

What are the 3 major lineages of arthropods?

A
  • Chelicerates (sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites, and spiders)
  • Myriapods (centipedes and millipedes)

-Pancrustaceans (lobsters and other crustaceans, as well as insects and their relatives)

22
Q

What are chelicerae?

A

Clawlike feeding appendages found in chelicerates

23
Q

What were the earliest chelicerates?

A
  • Eurypterids (water scorpions)
24
Q

What are most modern chelicerates?

A

Arachnids: spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites

25
Q

What are book lungs?

A

Respiratory organs where gas exchange occurs in spiders

26
Q

What does the clade Myriapods include?

A
  • millipedes
  • centipedes
27
Q

What makes up pancrustaceans?

A
  • insects
  • crustaceans
28
Q

What consists of crustaceans? (4)

A
  • lobsters
  • crabs
  • crayfish
  • shrimp
29
Q

What are pill bugs?

A

Well-known group of terrestrial isopods

30
Q

What do planktonic crustaceans include?

A

Many species of copepods

31
Q

What are barnacles?

A

A group of mostly sessile crustaceans

32
Q

What is the hexapoda?

A

Enormous clade that includes insects and their relatives

(6-legged)

33
Q

What happens during incomplete metamorphosis?

A

The young or nymphs resemble adults but are smaller and go through a series of molts until they reach full size

34
Q

What do insects with complete metamorphosis have?

A
  • Has larval stages known by such names as maggot, grub, or caterpillar
35
Q

What is in the clade deuterostomes? (2)

A
  • Echinoderms
  • Chordates
36
Q

What is included as echinoderms?

A

stars
sea urchins

37
Q

What is included in the chordates?

A

Vertebrates

38
Q

What are some shared developmental characteristics of Deuterostomes? (2)

A
  • Radial cleavage
  • Formation of the anus from the blastopore
39
Q

What are the 5 clades of living echinoderms?

A
  • Asteroidea (sea stars and sea daisies)
  • Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
  • Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)
  • Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
  • Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
40
Q

What is a one example of great success of insects?

A
  • Flight; insect wings are an extension of the cuticle

Biology (33 decks)

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