Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport > Flashcards

Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is short-distance transport?

A

Movement of water and solutes within cells and tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is long-distance transport?

A

Movement of water and solutes through xylem and phloem across the plant body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the stems serve as?

A

Serves as conduits for water and nutrients as supporting structures for leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is phyllotaxy?

A

Arrangement of leaves on a stem, is a species-specified trait important for light capture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is canopy?

A

Leafy portion of all the plants in a community; its depth affects productivity of each plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is self-pruning canopy?

A

Shedding of the lower shaded leaves occurs when they respire more then photosynthesize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What affects light absorption? (2 things)

A
  • leaf area index
  • leaf orientation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is leaf area index?

A

the ratio of total upper leaf surface of a plant divided by the surface area of land on which it grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is low light leaf orientation?

A

Horizontal leaves captures more sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is sunny conditions leaf orientation?

A

Vertical leaves are less damaged by sun and allows light to reach lower leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Roots competitveness

A

Roots are less competitive with other roots from the same plant than with roots from different plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 major pathways through plants?

A
  1. Apoplast
  2. Symplast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is apoplast?

A

Consists of everything external to the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a symplast?

A

Consists of the cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as the plasmodesmata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 transport routes for water and solutes

A
  • apoplastic route: thru cell walls and extracellular spaces
  • symplastic route: through the cytosol
  • transmembrane route: across cell walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water into or out of a cell that’s affected by solute concentration and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens if an area has a higher solute and less water?

A

Water moves towards the higher solute to balance everything out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of active transport for the plasma membrane?

A

Plant cells using the energy of H+ gradients to cotransport other solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is water potential?

A

Measurement that combines the effect of solute concentration and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does water potential refer to?

A

Refers to water’s capacity to perform work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Higher water potential vs lower water potential

A

low solute vs high solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the formula for water potentia?

A

solute potential + pressure potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the measurement of water potential

A

Megapascal (MPa)

24
Q

What is solute potential?

A

Solution is directly proportional to its molarity

25
Q

What is pressure potential?

A

Physical pressure on a solution

26
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

Pressure extending by the plasma membrane against the cell wall, and the cell wall against the protoplast

27
Q

What is a protoplast?

A

Living part of the cell, which also includes the plasma membrane

28
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

When a cell loses water and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

29
Q

What is a flaccid (limp) cell?

A

A cell when placed in an environment with a higher solute concentration, cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis

30
Q

What does root hairs do?

A

increase the surface area for absorption.

31
Q

What is the casparian strip?

A

waxy layer of the endodermal wall blocks apoplastic transfer of minerals from the cortex to the vascular cylinder

32
Q

What is the endodermis?

A

Innermost layer of the cells in the root cortex

33
Q

What does the endodermis do?

A

surrounds vascular cylinder; acts as the last checkpoint for selective passage of minerals from cortex into vascular tissue

34
Q

bulk flow vs. diffusion (5 things)

A
  • doesn’t require energy from plant
  • driven by differences in pressure potential only
  • moves entire solution
  • much faster
  • occurs in hollow dead cells only
35
Q

What is xylem sap?

A

water and dissolved minerals that are transported from roots to leaves via transpiration

36
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Evaporation of water from a plant’s surface

37
Q

Is sap pushed up from the roots or pulled up by the leaves?

A

Pulled up by the leaves

38
Q

What is an example of long-distance transport?

A

bulk flow: movement of a fluid driven by pressure

39
Q

Turgid cell

A

Cell gains water if a flaccid cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration;

Turgor loss causes wilting

40
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

Transport proteins in the cell membrane that facilitate the passage of water

41
Q

What is the cohesion-tension mechanism?

A

explains how transpiration creates a negative pressure (tension) that pulls water upward through the plant.

42
Q

cohesion

A

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

43
Q

adhesion

A

Attraction between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels.

44
Q

Stomata

A

Small pores on the leaf surface that control gas exchange and transpiration.

45
Q

Turgid guard cells vs flaccid guard cells in terms of stomata

A

stomata open (turgid) vs stomata closed (flaccid)

46
Q

What triggers stomatal opening at dawn?

A
  • light
  • CO2 depletion
  • internal “clocks” in guard cells -> circadian rhythms (24 hr cycles)
47
Q

Xerophytes

A

Plants adapted to arid environments with reduced transpiration rates.

48
Q

What is the pressure flow hypothesis (pushing xylem sap)? 3 things

A

water flows in from the root cortex, generating root pressure, a push of xylem sap

49
Q

What is translocation?

A

Process of moving producers of photosynthesis through the phloem

50
Q

What is phloem sap?

A

An aqueous solution that’s high in sucrose

51
Q

What is a sugar source?

A

Organ that’s a net producer of sugar such as leaves

52
Q

What is a sugar sink?

A

An organ that’s a net consumer of storer of sugar such as a tuber or bulb

53
Q

What can storage organ acts as?

A

Both a sugar sink in the summer and sugar source in the winter

54
Q

What is pressure flow?

A

Phloem sap that moves through a sieve tube element by bulk flow driven by positive pressure

55
Q

How is phloem a “superhighway”?

A

By it allowing for rapid electrical communication b/w widely separated organs

56
Q

What influence plasmodesmata to open or close?

A
  • turgor pressure
  • cytoplasmic calcium levels
  • cytoplasmic pH
57
Q
A

Biology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions