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Biology > Chapter 1 Evolution/Scientific Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Evolution/Scientific Theory Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

Scientific study of life

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2
Q

What is evolution?

A

Process of change that has transformed life on earth

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3
Q

What are the 5 unifying themes of biology?

A
  • organization
  • information
  • energy and matter
  • interactions
  • evolution
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4
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Small organs and/or structures in the cell

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5
Q

What is the structure of life from least to largest?

A

molecules -> organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system -> organism -> populations -> communities -> ecosystems -> biosphere

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6
Q

What are emergent properties?

A

Properties that come from the arrangement and interactions of parts in a system

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7
Q

What is reductionism?

A

Reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study

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8
Q

What is systems biology?

A

Analysis of interactions among the parts of a biological system

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9
Q

What is smallest/lowest level of organization that is required for life?

A

The cell

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10
Q

What is in an eukaryotic cell?

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • dna
  • enclosed membrane organelles
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11
Q

What is included in a prokaryotic cell?

A
  • cell membrane
    -dna
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12
Q

What is the genetic material found in the chromosomes?

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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13
Q

What are genes?

A

Encodes for info that builds the molecules synthesized within the cells

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14
Q

What does DNA control?

A

The development and maintenance of organisms

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15
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

4 kinds of chemical building blocks that makeup DNA molecules

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16
Q

What makes up nucleotides?

A
  • sugar
  • phosphate
  • nitrogen
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17
Q

What is gene expression?

A

Process of converting information from gene to cellular product

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18
Q

What does genes control indirectly?

A

Indirectly controls protein production

19
Q

Process of gene expression?

A
  • DNA transcribes to RNA
  • RNA translates into chains of amino acids
  • Amino acids are folded into proteins
20
Q

What is transcription?

A

DNA is transcribed into RNA

21
Q

What is translation?

A

RNA is translated into proteins

22
Q

What is genomics?

A

Study of sets of genes within and between species

23
Q

What is proteomis?

A

Study of whole sets of proteins encoded by the genome

24
Q

What is proteomes?

A

Proteins encoded by the genome

25
Q

What is the genome?

A

Entire set of genetic instructions

26
Q

Genomics approach depends on what?

A
  • high throughput
  • bioinformatics
  • interdisciplinary research terms
27
Q

What is feedback regulation?

A

Output or product of a process that regulates that very process

28
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Response reduces initial stimulus

29
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Response increases initial stimulus

30
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth

31
Q

List the taxonomic groups from least to largest

A

species -> genus -> family -> order -> class -> phylum -> kingdom -> domain

32
Q

What are the 3 multicellular kingdoms of the domain eukarya?

A
  • animals
  • fungi
  • plants
33
Q

What did Darwin’s theory explain?

A

Duality of unity and diversity

34
Q

What were Darwin’s two main points?

A
  1. Natural selection
  2. Species with shared evidence of descent with modification from a common ancestor
35
Q

What were Darwin’s 3 observations?

A
  • species usually suit their environment
  • individuals in a population vary in traits but most are heritable
  • Competition is inevitable and more offspring is produced compared to survival
36
Q

What is inquiry?

A

Search for info and explanation of natural phenomena

37
Q

Qualitative vs quantitative data

A

description-based bs numbers-based

38
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

Draws conclusions through the logical process of induction

39
Q

What is hypothesis?

A

Tentative answer to a well-framed scientific question

40
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Uses general premises to make specific predictions

41
Q

What is theory?

A

Statement broader in scope compared to a hypothesis
- Can lead to a testable hypothesis; supported by a large body of evidence

42
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

experimental group is compared with a control group

43
Q

What is the goal of technology with science?

A

To apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose

Biology (34 decks)

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