Chapter 28 Protists

Question 1

What is a protist?

Answer 1

Informal name of the group of many unicellular eukaryotes

Question 2

What are the 4 supergroups of eukaryotes?

Answer 2

• excavata
• SAR clade
• Archaeplastida
• Unikonta

Question 3

What groups are apart of Excavata?

Answer 3

• Diplomonads
• Parabasalids
• Euglenozoans

Question 4

What are important features of diplomands and parabasalids?

Answer 4

• Lack plastids
• has a modified mitochondria
• Live in anaerobic environments
• Has 2 equal sized nuclei (only diplomands)

Question 5

What are key features of kinetopalstids and euglenids?

Answer 5

• Has a single mitochondria with an organized mass of DNA (kinetoplastids)
• Has one or two flagella that emerge from one end of the cell (euglenids)
• Both are apart of the euglenozoa

Question 6

What does the SAR clade include?

Answer 6

Stramenopiles
Alveolates
Rhizarians

Question 7

What is included in the stramenpiles?

Answer 7

important photosynthetic organisms such as:
- diatoms
- golden algae
- brown algae

Question 8

What are diatoms

Answer 8

unicellular algae with an unique two-part glass-like wall of silicon dioxide

Question 9

What is golden algae?

Answer 9

Algae that is typically biflagellated near one end; usually golden due to yellow and brown carotenoids

Question 10

What is brown algae?

Answer 10

Largest and most complex algae that is multicellular and usually marine

• Example is seaweed

Question 11

Alveolates

Answer 11

Have membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane

Question 12

What does the alveolates include?

Answer 12

Dinoflagellates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans

Question 13

What are dinoflagellates?

Answer 13

Has 2 flagella and each cells is reinforced by cellulose plates

• causes toxic “red tides” when in bloom

Question 14

What are apicomplexans?

Answer 14

Parasites of animals, and some cause serious human disease

-Spread thru their host as infectious cells called sporozites

Question 15

What are ciliates?

Answer 15

Large varied group of protists that are named for their use of cilia to move and beed

• Has large macronuclei and small micronuclei

Question 16

What are rhizarians?

Answer 16

Most species are amoebas

Question 17

What are amoebas?
What do they include

Answer 17

Amoebas are protists that move and feed via pseudopodia (extensions of the cell surface)

Includes: radiolarians, forams, and cercozoans

Question 18

Radiolarians

Answer 18

Marine protists that have delicate, symmetrical internal skeletons that are usually made up of silica

Question 19

Forams

Answer 19

Named for porous , generally multichambered shells called tests

Question 20

Cercozoans

Answer 20

Include most amoeboid and flagellated protists with threadlike pseuodpodia

Question 21

Archaeplastida

Answer 21

Supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants

Question 22

Unikonta

Answer 22

Includes amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and some protists)

Question 23

Amoebozoans

Answer 23

Amoeba that have lobed or tube-shaped rather than threadlike pseudopodia