Chapter 28 Protists Flashcards
What is a protist?
Informal name of the group of many unicellular eukaryotes
What are the 4 supergroups of eukaryotes?
- excavata
- SAR clade
- Archaeplastida
- Unikonta
What groups are apart of Excavata?
- Diplomonads
- Parabasalids
- Euglenozoans
What are important features of diplomands and parabasalids?
- Lack plastids
- has a modified mitochondria
- Live in anaerobic environments
- Has 2 equal sized nuclei (only diplomands)
What are key features of kinetopalstids and euglenids?
- Has a single mitochondria with an organized mass of DNA (kinetoplastids)
- Has one or two flagella that emerge from one end of the cell (euglenids)
- Both are apart of the euglenozoa
What does the SAR clade include?
Stramenopiles
Alveolates
Rhizarians
What is included in the stramenpiles?
important photosynthetic organisms such as:
- diatoms
- golden algae
- brown algae
What are diatoms
unicellular algae with an unique two-part glass-like wall of silicon dioxide
What is golden algae?
Algae that is typically biflagellated near one end; usually golden due to yellow and brown carotenoids
What is brown algae?
Largest and most complex algae that is multicellular and usually marine
- Example is seaweed
Alveolates
Have membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
What does the alveolates include?
Dinoflagellates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans
What are dinoflagellates?
Has 2 flagella and each cells is reinforced by cellulose plates
- causes toxic “red tides” when in bloom
What are apicomplexans?
Parasites of animals, and some cause serious human disease
-Spread thru their host as infectious cells called sporozites
What are ciliates?
Large varied group of protists that are named for their use of cilia to move and beed
- Has large macronuclei and small micronuclei
What are rhizarians?
Most species are amoebas
What are amoebas?
What do they include
Amoebas are protists that move and feed via pseudopodia (extensions of the cell surface)
Includes: radiolarians, forams, and cercozoans
Radiolarians
Marine protists that have delicate, symmetrical internal skeletons that are usually made up of silica
Forams
Named for porous , generally multichambered shells called tests
Cercozoans
Include most amoeboid and flagellated protists with threadlike pseuodpodia
Archaeplastida
Supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
Unikonta
Includes amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and some protists)
Amoebozoans
Amoeba that have lobed or tube-shaped rather than threadlike pseudopodia
