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Biology > Chp 33 Intro to Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chp 33 Intro to Invertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

Animals that lack a backbone

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2
Q

What percentage of animals are invertebrate?

A

95%

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3
Q

What is the common ancestor of all animals?

A
  • Protists
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4
Q

What are sponges?

A

Basal animals that lack true tissues

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5
Q

What are animals in the phylum Porifera informally known as?

A
  • Sponges
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of sponges? (2)

A
  • Sedentary (non-motile/not active)
  • Live in marine or fresh waters
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7
Q

What are the 5 phylums in order?

A
  • Porifera
  • Cnidaria
  • Lophotrochozoa
  • Ecdysozoa
  • Deuterostomia
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8
Q

What are filter feeders?

A

Sponges that captures food particles suspended in the water that passes thru their body

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9
Q

What is spongocoel?

A

A cavity held in which water is drawn thru pores

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10
Q

What is osculum?

A

The opening of the cavity where water leaves

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11
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

Flagellated collar cells that generate water current thru the sponge and ingenst suspended foods

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12
Q

What are amoebocytes?

A

Cells that are found in the mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structure

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13
Q

What are hermaphrodites?

A

Each individual function as both male and female

  • Sponges are hermaphrodites
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14
Q

What is mesohyl?

A

A gelatinous noncellular layer b/w 2 cell layers of sponges

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15
Q

What do sponges lack?

A

true tissues and organs

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16
Q

What are the ancient phylum of eumetazoans?

A

Cnidarians

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17
Q

What is significant about the clade Eumetazoa?

A

Consists of animals that has true tissues

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18
Q

What are the phylums in clade Eumetazoa? (4)

A
  • Cnidaria
  • Lophotrochozoa
  • Ecdysozoa
  • Deuterostomia
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19
Q

What are some examples of cnidarians?

A
  • Jellies
  • Corals
  • Hydras
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20
Q

What are the two types of cnidarians?

A
  • Sessile (nonmoving)
  • Motile
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21
Q

What do cnidarians exhibit?

A
  • Simple diploblastic, radial body plan
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22
Q

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

A

Central digestive compartment of the cnidarian

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23
Q

What is the single opening function?

A

Mouth and anus

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24
Q

What are the two variations of the body plan (cnidarian)?

A
  • sessile polyp
  • motile medusa
25
Q

What is a polyp?

A

Adheres to the substrate by the aboral end of its body

26
Q

What is a medusa?

A

Bell-shaped body with its mouth on the underside

  • Don’t attach to the substrate but moves freely
27
Q

Are cnidarians herbivores or carnivores?

A

Carnivores in which they use their tentacles to capture prey

28
Q

What are cnidocytes?

A

Cells that function in defense and capture prey

Cnidarian’s tentacles have this

29
Q

What are nematocytes?

A

Specialized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a stinging thread

30
Q

What are the 2 major clades of Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  • Meduszoa
  • Anthozoa
31
Q

What are examples of medusozoans?

A

include all cnidarians that produce a medusa
- (Scyphozoans) Jellies
- (Cubozoans) Sea wasp
- Hydrozoans

32
Q

What are examples of anthozoans?

A
  • sea anemones
  • star corals
33
Q

What is special about most hydrozoans?

A

Can alternate b/w polyp and medusa forms

34
Q

What is significant about hydra?

A

A freshwater cnidarian that exists only in polyp form and reproduces asexually via budding

35
Q

What is the predominate life cycle stage of the scyphozoans and cubozoans?

A
  • Medusa
36
Q

What are 2 significant things of cubozoans?

A
  • Their medusa is box-shaped
  • They contain highly toxic cnidocytes
37
Q

What does anthozoans only occur as?

A

As polyps

38
Q

What does corals secrete?

A

Secrete a hard exoskeleton (external skeleton)

  • Forms symbioses with algae
39
Q

What are bilaterian animals?

A

Animals that have bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development

40
Q

What is the triploblastic development?

A
  • Coelom
  • DIgestive tract with 2 openings
41
Q

What does the clade Bilateria contains? (3)

A
  • Lophotrochozoa
  • Ecdysozoa
  • Deuterostomia
42
Q

What clade is identified by molecular data and has the widest range of body forms

A

Lophotrochozoa

43
Q

What are examples of lophotrochozoa? 6

A
  • Flatworms
  • Rotifers
  • Molluscs
  • Annelids
  • Ectoprocts
  • Brachiopods
44
Q

What phylum are flatworms apart of?

A

Platyhelminthes

45
Q

Where are flatforms located?

A
  • Marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats
46
Q

What are some characteristics of flatworms

A
  • Are acoelomates
  • has a gastrovascular cavity with one opening
47
Q

What does protonephridia do?

A

Regulates osmotic balance

48
Q

What are the two lineages of flatworms?

A
  • Catenulida
  • Rhabditophora
49
Q

What are planarians

A

Free-living rhabditophorans

50
Q

What are the 2 important groups of parasitic rhabditophorans?

A
  • Trematodes: Parasitize humans and spends parts of their lives in snail hosts
  • Tapeworms: Parasites of vertebrates and lack digestive system
51
Q

What are rotifers?

A

Tiny animals that inhabit fresh water, the ocean, and damp soil

  • Apart of phylum Rotifera
52
Q

What is an alimentary canal?

A

digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus that lies within a fluid-filled pseudocoelom found in rotifers

53
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

Reproductive process of Rotifers in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs

54
Q

What are the two phyla in lophophorates?

A

Ectoprocta
Brachiopoda

55
Q

What are some examples of the phylum Mollusca? 6

A
  • snails
    -slugs
  • oysters
  • clams
  • octopuses
  • squids
56
Q

What are ectoprocts?

A

Sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble plants; also called bryozoans

57
Q

What do brachiopods resemble?

A

Resembles clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs, but the two halves of the shell are dorsal and ventral rather than lateral as in clams

58
Q

What are the 3 main parts of molluscs?

A
  • muscular foot
  • visceral mass
  • mantle

most also have
- water filled mantle cavity
- radula

59
Q

What are the 4 major classes of molluscs?

A
  • Polyplacophora (chitons)
  • Gastropoda (snails and slugs)
  • Bivalvia (clams, oysters)
  • Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses)

Biology (33 decks)

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